I admire your level headed approach to this issue, I really do, and I too would rather see my tax dollars spent saving lives rather than destroying them. That said, what I don't want and what I do see are my tax dollars being thrown down a rat hole which has no bottom.All of those challenges faced by these under achieving kids that you mention are there, to be sure. But I must say that the well documented results from Headstart, a program beset with every difficulty you recounted, makes me believe that extending a Headstart like program through the 6th grade, at least, could make a big difference. Headstart does improve achievement in the first grade significantly versus kids from similar backgrounds that did not go through Headstart. And importantly, that progress is achieved despite all the negative factors you mention. But the progress made fades slowly, so that by 4th grade there is little difference between the Headstart and the non-Headstart kids.
Now you can interpret this data in two ways. The first way is to conclude that since these Headstart kids largely regress by the time they reach 4th grade the program is not worthwhile. The second way to interpret the data is to conclude that we need to continue doing extra work with these kids until at least middle school. And then at that point evaluate progress and see if the extra effort has been warranted. I think the second way of interpreting the Headstart data makes the most sense in light of the huge benefits to society that could accrue from the additional investment. We know that every investment entails risk, but in this instance I think we have enough preliminary data to indicate the risk is worth taking. Certainly, to borrow a word from Mr. Trump's vocabulary, the payoff could be huge, really huge!
The program that you're suggesting seems like an impossible task to me. Lets forget the financial cost, which would be enormous. and just talk about administering the logistics of such a program.
Head Start, such as it is in it's current form, can only get to about half of all the kids that need it, and that's the kids in the current age group. You want to expand that age group, which I absolutely agree would be necessary. The program now provides maybe a few hours of guidance and proper nutrition, and that's only during the school year. Summer? It's back to the wilds of the street and everything gained is lost.
A program that would actually work would require nearly 24/7 guidance, year round, and hands on help for every kid in every single urban area across the country. And expanding this from k-2 to k-4, not even close to enough time. What's really needed is K-12 and in-home assistance which will essentially absolve the parent from all responsibility.
At some point, and we're long past that point, someone has to look the black community in the eye and say, this is on you. You can't just keep spitting out kids in this impoverished life you have, and when you do you damn sure can't abandon your responsibilities as a parent. I'm telling you one and done is the beginning of a solution. You live in poverty, black or white, have a kid, we're here to help. Have another one and the tubes get tied. Hunt down the sperm donor and he gets snipped. Go have all the sex you like, but you're not having anymore children. Or, we can spend a hundred billion plus a year on half the kids who need it, keep them straight as possible until they're 8-10 and then watch them go back to the streets and all will be lost within a few months on the overwhelming majority of them.
Like I've been saying, there is no easy fix, and all of this will be administered by a government who can't build a f'n website. Good luck!