The idea is not to take money from the wealthy and distribute it to the poor. No one steeped in the values of American Capitalism would ever contemplate that. The idea is to preserve opportunity for everyone; not to rob peter to pay paul, but to assure that if a person acts responsibly and works hard, the odds will once again favor them. When the tax system is out of kilter, as it is now, the partitioning of capital results in inefficient use of capital. Those at the top use capital inefficiently because they control too much capital. (Return on capital deceases as the amount of capital available increases.) Those nearer the bottom, who could use capital quite efficiently if only they had some, don't have enough capital to employ it in an efficient manner.
Increasing the number of brackets, i.e., going back to closer to what we had before the 1980s, and raising the top marginal rate to between ~ 50-60% should allow the rates in the lower two brackets to be reduced some. We no longer need to go up to 90%, rather ridiculous anyway, because there is now so much earned income concentrated at the top end that when we start taxing it by increasing rates above 40% there will be sizable returns. By also introducing brackets on unearned income, something we have needed for a long time, we can encourage capital investment by those in lower income levels and greatly slow the insidious, inefficient accumulation of capital at the very top end. The wealthy will remain wealthy, the poor will still be poor, but the middle class will come roaring back and give this country a big boost.
We need to bring the minimum wage up too. Contrary to what many believe, when wages are far below what is merited by productivity, raising wages actually increases employment. The idea is to stop subsidizing low wage businesses quite so much and move in the direction of more capital fueled opportunity. In the end, the goal is to try and get compensation to better reflect productivity. Subsidy of the unemployed, a necessary evil, when wages are too low to begin with, actually expands the ranks of the unemployed. By legislating a living wage we can interrupt this vicious cycle, increase employment, and move in the direction of less welfare, and less tax payer subsidy of low wage employers. As the ranks of the unemployed shrink, wages rise, consumption rises, and ultimately single breadwinner families could become a reality once again..
We have been drifting in the wrong direction for three decades in a failed foray into supply-side economics. It is time to go back to what works.