Any company can hide stuff, or legally manipulate the numbers, if they want to. So it's always risky to go long any stock. Part of my analysis is looking for signs the company is manipulating the numbers, to make them look better than they actually are.
I sell puts naked because if I end up long, I want to pick the break even price I think is reasonable and/or recoverable, if the stock drops.
I generally don't invest in banks and real estate as that is a different world then I'm used to evaluating.
I am not a master in evaluating stocks. I just read a lot of books over the years, and have certain criteria I look for, in terms of how everything blends together to tell a story.
When one part of the story doesn't blend with other parts, that is a warning sign.
Just a few examples would be,.... the companies inventories are rising, they are paying their bills slower than usual, they are cutting back on R+D, they are selling assets, there is excessive insider selling, the ability to cover their debt obligations is considerably worse than their peers in the industry, the stock is heavily shorted, ect.....
A blend of some or all of the above would paint a negative picture, even if the stocks PE, PEG, cash flow, tech support ect looked reasonable. A stocks PE ratio or cash on hand means nothing, if you are not able to evaluate the quality and sincerity of how those numbers were arrived at. Were they real or legally manipulated?
So it's really all about the blend of criteria.
I evaluate about 50 items, trends, and ratios, to get a picture of what's going on.
No company is perfect. It's mostly a matter of determining whether the good stuff out weighs the negative stuff.
If investors are not willing to do some homework, it would not be wise to sell puts naked. Nor to take on excessive leverage, either via being naked or via spreads.
Hedging is often used in place of doing an analysis.
For me, doing an analysis is my hedge.
I'm usually correct. But not always.