Neither... have you considered the fact that like Japan most of debt in China is domestic debt?
Are you comparing Japan's Economy to China Economy ? Haha
Japan Economy is zombie but very well diversified and the multinationals of Japan are export powerhouses... China's Economy is the printing press and cheap labour to US, but now multinationals are moving away... China is no longer the cheapest labour, the factory workers earn double since 2010 due to very high inflation in country, employers were forced to increase salaries ( 500 US a month average salary now ), the days of being the cheapest labour are done, have been done... But to keep getting international business, companies have been operating at steep loses and using business loans as a piggy bank, hoping for a miracle that the debt disappears ... Like Evergrande, the biggest Real Estate Builder in China, has equivalent to 108 Billion US in debt, how can you suck so badly at business that you rack up this much debt without doing any acquisitions ?
Read into the amount of companies leaving China, 3D Printing and Automation is destroying them... Look at chart in page 1 I posted, showing account deficit... Why are state owned firms getting loans in International Markets, in US Dollars, if they can keep printing forever like you say ? Ever thought that China is so low on US Dollars, they are using there SOEs to obtain loans in US Dollars, swap them once in, to keep Reserves above the minimum of 1.5 Trillion ? What happens when they start defaulting on US Issued Debt like you will see in Q4 2019 and in 2020 ? Foreign investors flee bond markets, US Issued debt stops completely, then game over
Who else wants to get schooled ? Next!