Governments reacted out of panic and didn't have sufficient PPE stocks available - nor was there any treatment which seemed to work.
It seems clear that the best option is isolation of vulnerable populations, strict use of PPE for persons in regular contact with such populations, and common sense precautions for everyone else (wash your hands, stay home if sick, etc.). If you contract the virus and have severe symptoms, you get treated with the small but growing list of drugs which seem to have some effectiveness.
The course we're on now doesn't have any endpoint. Completely eradicating such an easily-transmitted disease (now that it's already spreading) seems entirely unrealistic, unless we test everyone in the country every few days. We could keep everything shut down for months or years with cases continuing to pop up at a slow boil. Obviously, cases will surge again every time you try to relax the lockdowns. Some other approach will need to be found, and quickly.