I do not know a final answer on this. It is going to vary greatly by vaccine. For the Chinese vaccines -- for example -- it is highly likely that you will get infected after taking the vaccine because they are worthless.
I expect firm finalized statistics on post vaccination infection will require pending studies to be completed. I will note that the U.S. has approximately 10,262 "break-through" cases among the full vaccinated (as of 4 weeks ago) according to the CDC out of 150 million fully vaccinated. The CDC says breakthrough cases are rare in the U.S.