1. This enforcement action arises out of a fraudulent scheme to generate fees by Hope Advisors, LLC (“Hope”), a registered investment adviser, its principal, Karen Bruton, (collectively, “Defendants”). Hope managed the account of two private investment funds, Hope Investments, LLC (the “HI Fund”) and HDB Investments, LLC (“HDB”) (collectively, the “Funds”). Hope’s only compensation for managing the funds came in the form of an incentive fee, calculated as a share (10% for the HI Fund and 20% for HDB) of the profits earned in the Funds’ accounts.
2. The HI Fund and HDB employed a “high-water-mark” fee structure pursuant to which Hope was entitled to no fees unless the Funds made profits that exceeded past losses. In other words, all prior losses needed to be made up before Hope would be paid. Since at least November 2014, Hope and Bruton have engaged in a continuous pattern of fraudulent trading to circumvent the impact of the high-water-mark fee structure. The fraudulent trading exploited the HI Fund’s obligation to calculate the incentive fee exclusively on the basis of monthly “realized” gains and losses—“unrealized” gains and losses (i.e., those attributable to open trading positions at a month’s end) were not included in the fee calculation.
3. Each month, Hope caused the Funds to make certain “Scheme Trades” that had the purpose and effect of realizing a large gain in the current month while effectively guaranteeing a large loss would be realized early the following month. In essence, these trades continuously converted any realized losses into realized gains in the current month, and losses which would be realized in subsequent months, except that they would be continually deferred by the Defendants engaging in additional Scheme Trades. The Defendants did not simply delay realization of trading losses, however, they also intentionally sized the Scheme Trades such that the Funds realized a profit every month. Hope employees maintained a spread sheet that tracked, month to date, the realized losses of the Funds. As the end of each month approached, Bruton picked the amount of profit she wished the Funds to show (and de facto, the fees she wished to generate), and her traders would size the Scheme Trades accordingly.
4. Without the fraudulent Scheme Trades, Hope would have received almost no incentive fees from at least October 2014 through the present. Instead, Hope extracted millions of dollars in incentive fees. In recent months, Hope has been using the Scheme Trades to avoid realization of more than $50 million in losses, while still earning large monthly incentive fees.
5. In addition to the incentive fee paid to Hope by the HI Fund, the fund paid a 10% incentive fee to the Just Hope Foundation (the “Hope Foundation”), which in turn funded Just Hope International (the “Hope Charity”), a charity founded and run by Bruton. The Hope Foundation and its employees (aside from Bruton) were not involved in the fraudulent trading scheme, however, it did not provide any goods or services to the HI Fund in exchange for the incentive fees the Hope Foundation was paid. Accordingly, the Hope Foundation was unjustly enriched and is a Relief Defendant in this action.