Quote from Misthos:
Let's forget about the greater economy and technological advances, and focus on a household. And why not? The word "economics" comes from the ancient greek word "oikos" meaning household.
Households, in the past 100 years experienced a technological revolution. From microwave ovens, to lawnmowers, chainsaws, dishwashers, washing machines, etc... Overall, time spent on household chores diminished significantly.
Does that make people lazy? In the past, usually the woman, had to hand scrub clothes, cook for hours, knead bread, etc... countless hours were spent in the home doing work. It was truly an operational endeavor. Does that mean we should continue to work at the home based on the same amount of hours people worked on chores 100 years ago?
These technological advances have also permeated in the greater economy - robotics, agriculture, construction equipment, etc... yet we have this policy of 95% of the population needing to work 50 weeks a year, 40 hours a week. That's a lot of hours.
So what did governments do to keep that target? They deficit spend, they create a FIRE economy, they increase aggregate demand by using a debt based monetary system, etc... all artificially created demand based on a Ponzi Casino economy to keep 95% of the labor force employed.
Look around you. Is it working? I guess it's easier to dismiss a collapsing casino driven economy on the "laziness" of the population.
Or you can dig a little deeper and see how a large percentage of aggregate demand really is created artificially. Then you will realize that many jobs that exist today, are really subsidized by the government. From housing to defense. From transportation to social work. And on and on.... take those away, and you will see unemployment soar.
What we are witnessing is not laziness. It's the collapse of an artificial, unsustainable economy premised on the childish concept of permagrowth. According to your theory, every generation, if they work hard enough, should realize those gains in the form of bigger homes, bigger cars, more TVs, etc...
Let's take that to its logical conclusion. Reducto ad absurdum. Let's forget about resource depletion and focus on your target of ever increasing living standards. In theory, one day, maybe 100 years from now, everyone should be driving tractor sized SUVs and living in 10,000 square foot homes. Right? Because living standards should go to infinity?
What I'm suggesting doesn't cut off technological advances. What I'm suggesting is greater employment through greater leisure time. Leisure time, IMHO is a standard of living increase, not a 10,000 sf house...
Before the industrial revolution and the use of fossil fuels, people worked practically from sun up to sun down. Leisure time was for the elites. People lived on farms, and between household chores and farming, their days were full. Then came the industrial revolution, yet the hours worked did not change much. Eventually, we arrived at a 40 hour work week with two weeks vacation. For the average person, this was a godsend.
What I am saying is that it might be time for a re-adjustment. I don't know what the numbers should be, but if you want 95% of the people employed without government interference, then maybe a 30 hour workweek may be needed. Or a 20 hour workweek. And this would have to be universal.
Why do you support a 40 hr workweek? Why not 35 hours? Or why not 55 hours, if that would lead to increased consumption = increased happiness?
Look, bottom line, I am questioning the 40 hours. How was that decided? Why should it still hold in the era of productivity advances?
I understand your point. But I think you overlooked a couple areas.
First, household chores and "paid" work aren't equatable. The total amount of housework necessary to maximize living standards is finite. In the productive sector, it's nearly infinite. After a homemaker has washed the floors, vacuumed the house, cooked the meal, washed the dishes, finished the laundry, cut the grass, fixed the roof, polished the silverware, etc. There's not much left. It's done. There's an upper limit on how much possible "work" a homemaker can accomplish to maximize their standard of living, within that homestead.
Now take an economy. What tasks must be achieved before living standards are maximized for the human experience, in total? Before humanity can sit on their duffs like the homemaker and truly declare their work "done for the day"? The eradication of disease? Space travel? Universal literacy? Universal healthcare? The end of poverty? Material abundance? Free energy? Total knowledge of the physical world? What about recreational objectives, like high per capita travel? Appreciation of the arts? Community-centric lifestyles? Or high leisure time? Humanity isn't even close to half these objectives. And it's for that reason the economy continues to work, because people continually strive to incrementally improve the lot they have, motivated by the hope of attaining a better life. Our collective life on earth could be much, much better, even though we've come very, very far. The objective reality is that progress is undeniable, and humans undeniably want to participate in that progress. Which is why most humans engage in the real economy via employment, so that they too can consume the fruits producers have innovated which makes their lot better! It's why the economy works. Producers make better things. And workers exchange their time to buy those better things that improve their quality of life.
As for the assertion there are reasonable limits on material abundance. Escalades the size of Mac Trucks or 10,000 sq ft homes on every block. No, that's not right. Again, absolute product size is not the hallmark of technological progress.
It's innovation, quality and functionality. Homes 50 years from now will probably be the same size, but fabricated out of higher quality materials, incorporating more unique and visually appealing architecture, off-the-grid power technology, safety features like tornado and earthquake resistant structures, mass floor/wall heating.etc. All that for the same price a house costs today. And that will be standard. That's what progress looks like. Look at all the gadgetry, gizmos and functionality incorporated into todays car, compared to 50 years ago. They're light years ahead in terms of engineering, mileage, safety and functionality. At least the Japanese are. That's how it works. Competition drives the hand of innovation while restraining prices. So todays modern man can afford a new car, that 50 years ago, would have bought a car of only half the value. Or 100 years ago, 1/10th the value (Model-T)!
All this to say: as long are people are willing to work for all the lifestyle improvements they want, the economy will provide the means of employment for them to earn the necessary income. When people work more, they produce more, earn more income, and spend more. The inverse is also true. The only long-term limitation here is robotics, when, if introduced, could decimate the need for human employment because robots would serve as a neo-slave class making human labor obsolete. But we are nowhere near that point. In the short-term, Depressions happen. Yes. But usually, they are the result of destructive monetary and trade policies that distort or export wealth. Free trade killed our industrial base. And so to it, tens of millions of jobs. Fiat bubbles were introduced to gloss over that fact (the introduction of FIRE-based economy) which destroyed the average consumers wealth by locking-in sky-high debt for tulip bulbs that had no real value. Going forward, discretionary incomes are gutted, killing present demand, and therefore, employment. What we're seeing right now is the aftermath of the housing/banking bubble - massive losses in private sector wealth, which translates to curtailed spending, and therefore employment, going forward. That is to say, the unemployment problem isn't the result of over-productiveness. Rather, the culprit is free trade policies and recursive monetary bubbles which literally destroy private sector wealth and retard future economic activity.