yes they do, you do not even have to be a Japanese resident. But most likely most every broker has a very poor inventory of shortable Japanese stocks unless you can afford to trade via Nomura or Daiwa.
Maybe my question was not clear enough. I was not asking about margin accounts, or the interest rate for borrowing money from the broker. I was asking whether a resident in Japan is allowed to short-sell stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. And if so, what the cost is of borrowing those stock? I get the impression from your post about kabu.com that they allow you to do short-selling?