could I used the entirety of the Master Bedroom/Bathroom/WIC as a home office? Or just the bedroom portion?
To qualify for a home office, the area in question must be used
exclusively as an office. So the answer is
potentially yes, if the closet space and the
entire bedroom are used
only for trading. In the old days when traders and other business people had mountains of paper records, it would have made sense to use the closet as a storage space, e.g., filing cabinets. With everything in digital format, I think it would be harder to justify today, unless you are using the closet as a dedicated secure space for a server or backup computer.
If you get audited on the home office, an IRS agent will actually visit your home, or they will ask for photos. The real point is that if you do this, you better
not have a bed or dresser in your home office, and you better
have a bed and dresser in a
different bedroom.
The bathroom is more subjective. You would have to take the position that you only use that bathroom while you are conducting business in the home office. It would be an easier sell if the home office was for someone like a financial planner, an insurance agent or a psychotherapist who actually
meets with clients in the home office, because then you have a dedicated bathroom for the clients, so you can keep them out of your personal living space.
would a W2 trader employee be able to do this or just a 1099 trader?
The short answer is
no, because the home office deduction for
employees was effectively eliminated a couple years ago. Most
unreimbursed employee business expenses are no longer deductible, under rules that went into effect at the beginning of 2018.
What
might work is to have the S corp
rent the space, so it would be deductible as an expense on the corporate tax return.
But that is what is known as a
self-rental, when a corporation rents property from one of its shareholders. The rules are complicated, and you have to charge fair market value rent. And the rent becomes taxable to you as rental income on your individual tax return. That might neutralize any real benefit, because the expense on the corporate tax return will not reduce your
salary. As a working shareholder, you still have to get reasonable compensation, i.e., a minimum salary that reflects the work you are doing. So the rental expense would only reduce the
investment income that flows to you on the Schedule K-1. It could work against you. You could end up paying tax on the rental income, at regular income tax rates, instead of having the income treated as qualifying capital gain on the K-1.
The real solution is
probably to have the corporation
reimburse you for the cost of your home office. With that approach, it is a deductible expense for the S corp, but it is
not income for you. But it has to be an
accountable expense reimbursement plan. You have to explore this carefully with an experienced accountant.
https://proconnect.intuit.com/articles/home-office-deductions-expenses/
BMK