Finding an edge isn't hard. Recognizing the value of the edge is extremely difficult.
Becoming a knowledgeable, experienced investor is a journey of 10,000 miles, so to speak. You begin the journey by stepping out of your front door, and 10,000 miles later you reach your destination, which was always at your back door. In other words, you were never far from your desired destination, but it required a journey of 10,000 miles to make the realization.
Ask someone if an edge 'works' and you'll get as many contradictory responses as respondents. That's because every person bases his definition for success from his place within his personal journey.
Now, to answer the question "Is it possible that an edge/pattern has worked since the beginning of time?", the simple answer is yes. Having better information than the person with whom you trade or are in competition has always resulted in an edge, since the dawn of time.
If you are asking specifically about an edge derived from technical patterns that have existed since the advent of modern electronic markets, the simple answer once again is a yes. Several have already mentioned a few. Recognizing their value is up to each person.
I'll make an additional comment for further consideration. I'll say that the question, because it merely inquires about the edge, may be misleading to many. Be aware that having an edge and knowing how to use it are very different, since an edge is only useful when applied correctly given so many variables not discussed in this post.