Stop blaming the spike up in gold and down in the dollar on China.
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NEW YORK (Dow Jones)--On Tuesday, it seemed the whole world was positioned against the dollar - even the United Nations.
Amid a post-Labor Day greenback collapse that saw the euro surge through the key $1.45 barrier to an eight-month high, a few traders fished for explanations and unearthed a United Nations Conference on Trade and Development report. UNCTAD, it turns out, wanted an end to the dollar-dependent international reserves system.
UNCTAD? Even the acronym is awkward. As far as after-the-trade excuses go, this one was pretty poor.
"It's a sad state of affairs when the U.N. is seen as a major factor in currency pairs," said David Gilmore, a partner at Foreign Exchange Analytics.
The broader reserve currency debate is a red herring, too. China, which rattled markets by floating reform ideas two months ago, has lately shied away from these, indicating it won't be shifting much of its $2 trillion reserves out of dollars anytime soon.
The notion that China's reserve diversification is behind gold's accompanying surge above $1,000 an ounce is equally flimsy. At about $60 billion a day, gold market turnover is dwarfed by the global foreign exchange market's $3 trillion. It's not a viable trading arena for a giant player like China's central bank.
Although Chinese officials would prefer to keep fewer eggs in the dollar basket, they know they'd do more harm than good to the their reserve balances by dumping dollars en masse.
Brown Brothers Harriman's currency strategists pointed out Tuesday that despite the reserve currency debate unleashed by the past year's crisis, the dollar's share of world reserves has remained steady. What's more, they added, "the global credit crisis had nothing to do with the dollar and FX markets and everything to do with leverage, financial innovation, and lack of regulatory oversight around the world."
Meanwhile, in a research note Monday, Lynn Grigsby Frieda of research group 4CAST observed that so-called TICS data on portfolio flows into and out of the U.S. show that inflows from foreign governments typically rise during dollar weakness and fall amid dollar strength.
This suggests reserve managers offset exchange rate-driven declines in their dollar holdings by topping them up. If so, China is now buying, not selling, dollars.
Grigsby also found no correlation between the dollar and foreign private inflows - likely because of hedging - while a clear positive correlation existed with outflows from U.S. residents.
Perhaps, then, the real drivers of dollar weakness are Americans themselves, who are now taking advantage of a stabilizing world economy to reestablish unhedged bets in foreign-currency-based assets.
As with Chinese officials, many Americans fear that mounting U.S. government debt and exceptionally loose monetary policy will eventually weaken the dollar versus other currencies. Yet this cannot be confused with questions about the dollar's reserve status.
There is also nothing new to these concerns. They offer no news trigger for a dollar selloff.
So why did the U.S. currency plunge Tuesday?
"It was largely driven by [price] levels," argues Foreign Exchange Analytics' Gilmore. "A lot of people were returning from holiday and starting to put on positions and trade. The short-dollar signal was strengthening last week with the move up in gold, and everyone in the macro [hedge fund] world was desperate to generate some momentum."
Technical levels and speculation are not as exciting as the idea of a U.N. plan to kill the dollar. But they make for a more likely explanation of the dollar's decline.