High-frequency trading
High-frequency trading is the execution of computerized trading strategies characterized by unusually short position-holding periods. In high-frequency trading, programs analyze market data to utilize trading opportunities that may open up for only a fraction of a second to several hours.[1] High-frequency trading, (HFT), uses quantitative investment computer programs to hold short-term positions in equities, options, futures, ETFs, currencies, and other financial instruments that possess electronic trading capability.[2][3] High frequency traders compete on a basis of speed with other high frequency traders, not long term investors (who typically look for opportunities over a period of weeks, months, or years), and compete with each other for very small, consistent profits.[2][4] As a result, high-frequency trading has been shown to have a potential Sharpe ratio thousands of times higher than the traditional buy-and-hold strategies.[5]
By 2010 High Frequency Trading accounted for over 70% of equity trades taking place in the US and was rapidly growing in popularity in Europe and Asia. Aiming to capture just a fraction of a penny per share or currency unit on every trade, high-frequency traders move in and out of such short-term positions several times each day. Fractions of a penny accumulate fast to produce significantly positive results at the end of every day.[2] High frequency trading firms do not employ significant leverage, do not accumulate positions, and typically liquidate their entire portfolios on a daily basis.[4]
One financial industry source claims algorithmic trading, including high frequency trading, substantially improves market liquidity.[4] A recent academic study claims [6] additional benefits, including lowering the costs of trading,[6] increasing the informativeness of quotes,[6] improved linkage between markets,[6] and positive spillover effects,[6] at least in quiescent or stable markets. Algorithmic and high frequency trading were both implicated by regulators in the May 6, 2010 Flash Crash.
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It appears smarter people have found a way to profit that the pikers don't like. Perhaps some people shouldn't play the game.