Do Scientists ever use the Design Inference in Biology? (Hmmm...let me thinkâ¦)
By Michael Egnor
Orac, a prominent Darwinist blogger who is also a surgical oncologist, recently challenged me:
Dr. Egnor⦠can put his money where his mouth is and present⦠some actual evidence to support his claims. Inquiring minds want to know: Will Dr. Egnor show us some of these wonderful insights into human biology and disease provided or facilitated by the design inference or will he simply keep repeating the same misinformation? You never know. Maybe he'll surprise us all.
It took me a while to answer, because there are so many examples of it that I couldnât decide what to pick first!
The natural place to start showing examples of the inference to design in medical research is the seminal biological discovery of the 20th CenturyâWatsonâs and Crickâs discovery of the structure of DNA.
To untangle the structure of DNA they didn't use a pair of dice. They inferred design, not chance. They reversed-engineered DNA. They collected physical data about the structure of DNA (X-ray diffraction studies, Chargaffâs rules, the physical chemistry of nucleotides, etc), and then they designed a model of the molecule to understand its structure and function.
What exactly is reverse engineering? From Wikipedia:
Reverse engineering... is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device or object or system through analysis of its structure, function and operationâ¦Reverse engineering is essentially science, using the scientific method. Sciences such as biology and physics can be seen as reverse engineering of biological 'machines' and the physical world respectively.
Watsonâs and Crickâs work of course had nothing to do with Darwinism (except perhaps their laboratory politics, which is another matter).
This is not to say that Watson and Crick believed that DNA was designed by God. They were both atheists. Even molecular biologists who are avowed atheists use the design inference in their work.
Much of modern biological research, and most research in molecular biology, is reverse engineering. Some scientists infer design explicitly. Some use the design inference implicitly, even if they disagree with its philosophical implications. We canât do modern biology, at least at the molecular level, without using reverse engineering, which is the inference to design.
So, in reply to Oracâs challenge, I ask: Which inference played a greater role in the discovery of the structure and function of DNA: the inference to Darwinâs theory of random variation and natural selection, or the inference to design, applying the principles of reverse engineering?