Responses below...
Quote from jem:
KJ do you you think you made a significant point here.
Response: Apparently so, as you are talking to me again -- something which you said you would no longer do. Does that mean you've changed your mind, or does it make you a liar?
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As has been said by other commentators Susskinds Landscapes of possible solutions can be considered potential universes. It does not matter whether you want to consider it to be a varied pocket of physical laws within one universe or a seperate universe.
See the interview where he discusses multiverse virtually interchanably with Landscape.
http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/mg18825305.800
Response: We're discussing Susskind, not "other commentators." and apparently it matters a great deal to Susskind, as he takes great pains to specifically differentiate between Landscape and Multiverse in his book.
So, you're wrong on this point.
Note: he also specifically rejects the term "multiverse" in favor of "megaverse."
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The point is you need billions and billions of solution to combat the inference of design according to Susskind.
Response: Maybe "you" do, but Susskind doesn't. All Susskind needs is evidence of life different from our own, located anywhere in this universe where the vacuum energy of space is measurably different than the average, which is the cosmological constant.
Furthermore, the actual evidence shows that the average vacuum energy was considerably higher at the beginning of the universe than it is now, because as the matter in our universe coalesced, the residual is what we now measure as vacuum energy.
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Susskind in New Scientist:
"The discovery in string theory of this large landscape of solutions, of different vacuums, which describe very different physical environments, tipped the scales for me. At first, string theorists thought there were about a million solutions. Thinking about Weinberg's argument and about the non-zero cosmological constant, I used to go around asking my mathematician friends: are you sure it's only a million? They all assured me it was the best bet.
But a million is not enough for anthropic explanations - the chances of one of the universes being suitable for life are still too small. When Joe Polchinski and Raphael Bousso wrote their paper in 2000 that revealed there are more like 10500 vacuums in string theory, that to me was the tipping point."
I accept that nothing in his work proves or disproves design but did you see the quote above. Susskind calulates that if we only had a million universes - the chance of one being suitable to life are still to small.
Response: Susskind is discussing his mental process leading to his becoming satisfied with String Theory as a real solution to the question of why the vacuum energy is what it is. He is not saying that one million solutions demonstrates that intelligent design is the only solution if String Theory is incorrect. See infra.
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Any idea how one of the inventors of string theory could have made that caluation. (Now that you have the book.)
Response: Yes. The original string theories had fewer dimensions, than the present one. The calculation that you are quoting above, as being described by Susskind is not a calculation of known probabilities about our existing universe using the Standard Model. The calculations Susskind describes are part of a discussion of an earlier string theory model, which Susskind found unsatisfying as an explanation for Anthropic arguments. This says nothing about any other non-string theory explanation for the vacuum energy, nor does it say anything about the current 11-dimensional string theory.
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It is your entire premise that you can not make those calculations. Yet this respected astrophysicist, inventor of string theory, makes a statement taking out the legs from your entire argument.
Response: Apparently you still do not understand my premise, or Susskind. My premise is that no probability calculation can be made as to the likelihood of any particular average vacuum energy level in a hypothetical universe, when there is only one known universe which has ever existed, and we have no means of recreating it.
Susskind isn't even talking about probabilities related to our existing universe. He's talking about probabilities relating to an earlier string theory model.
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