The law, section 20A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, provides that a tipper is jointly and severally liable with his or her tippees (both direct and indirect) for the ill-gotten gains (or the losses avoided) those tippees obtained as a result of the tip, plus interest. The tipper also may face a monetary penalty of up to three times the amount of those ill-gotten gains or losses avoided, although most cases settle for a one-time penalty equal to the disgorgement amount. Taken to an extreme, the tipper need not know anything about the trades themselves or have any voice in the dollar amounts at issue--the tipper can be liable for dollar amounts in the thousands, millions, or even more for trading profits or losses avoided that he or she never received, shared, or even knew about.