ElectricSavant, if your application is single threaded it can at max use one core to itself and no more.
But the other core will still be busy running operating system tasks and device drivers (and possibly other programs) at the same time. True performance lack with a single threaded application would only be found in a dualchip dualcore system=4 cores altogether.
With multithreaded applications you don't need to worry about any of this as efficient usage will happen.
Now the fineties of this depend on the operating system and that's where I can't help you. In theory it should be possible to devote one chip 100% for one application so that it will not be interrupted by operating system functions. Is this possible in Windows, I don't know.
Going 64 bit is another topic alltogether. From Windows point of view it doesn't pay yet due to lack of drivers and applications as they need to be at least recompiled for 64 bit. Your computer seller made you a huge favor when telling you about the problems, you would have been into a world of hurt with Win-64. For a trader 32/64 is a complete non-point, from trading point of view you will not gain or lose anything.
But if I were getting a desktop machine for myself I'd probably get a dualcore AMD-64 because its operating system could be upgraded to Win-64 sometime later when they get the problems sorted out, and it could functions as a backup trading computer years later when everything will be 64 bit. Also it could serve as a nice testing platform for 64 bit varieties of Linux.
Edit: what I would be much more concerned with is getting a RAID 1 disk system. This would mean two identical drives which are mirrored. If one gets bad the other one still runs, and when you replace the bad drive it will be re-mirrored automatically. For a trader data safety and uptime should be of much more concern. Many motherboards include RAID 0/1 functionality nowadays. Definately consider this.
Get two of the Seagate 750 GB monsters and you'll be set for some time
