Dear Sir or Madam
Nothing at all wrong with your agenda. I do however want to point out that your questions about where the information goes first are going to be unproductive.
The critical information is not the earnings themselves but what the best analysts think and what they do before and after they learn the news (ratings). This thought process and the comments they provide to their customers are what really drive the stock, because the players who have enough juice to move it are not retail traders, but institutional trade desks, professional speculators, and funds who pay to get the information before you (the retail trader) get it. This is why people try to get in on the phone conversations that take place prior to the announcements, and why it is imperative to learn about the analysts (who they are, who the best ones are, how many are following the company and what the "consensus" is). This is one of the key elements of finding an edge trading earnings.
Part II of trading earnings is knowing the earnings history of the company you are following and being able to characterize what has happened at and around previous earnings report dates. What you have to do is to develop a model that gives you some idea of what to expect.
Part III is learning to evaluate outside data so that you can get some idea (so that you can deduce) what the professionals are doing. Fact is the pros get set up way ahead of the retail crowd. They position themselves based on info they get ahead of you, they sniff out the best opportunities ahead of the retail traders and they are able to put more resource into it (deeper pockets) so they can wait out the bumps in the road while their trade plays out. Don't know if any of you will take the time, but the most useful information about how the pros are setting up comes from looking at the options volume and open interest. After that one can (if they have the analytical skills) look at the chart and see where professionals are getting long or short on the outright stock or playing the volatility crush on the other end.
Now I am certainly not going to give up an edge to you simply because you ask for it. Not a chance. However I don't mind pointing you in the right direction. The rest is up to you.
As a final comment, you could go out and buy Ben Warwick's book "Event Trading". It does give a little bit of help with the logistics.
Good luck and Merry Christmas Newbies.
Steve