Quote from Allspread:
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On a calendar or time spread, the sold front month option is sold by you at less than the value of the back month option you purchase.
This means you pay for the calendar to open it because the premium received for selling the front month option is lower than the amount you had to pay to buy the back month as a hedge, but you don't "lose" that money spent.
Your profit/loss is essentially zero at that moment. Without taking commissions into account, if the prices didn't change in the next minute and you re-sold/re-bought the options to clear out your position you would re-receive the same amount of $ you originally spent or something very close to it (due to bid/ask differences).
Your profit is derived from the value of the front month option declining faster than the back month.
Example of one of my recent calendar positions (commissions are not included):
On 4/23, I opened a calendar position on LMT:
I sold a 105 May call for $3.10.
I bought a 105 June call for $4.30.
I had to pay $1.20 difference to open the position.
On 5/8 to close the position:
Sold the June 105 call for $3.30
Bought the May 105 call for $1.68.
The math:
May sold @$3.10, bought at $1.68 = +$1.42
June bought at $4.30, sold at $3.30 = -$1.00
Profit = $0.42.