As far as I can see, the specialist rarely provides liquidity. He is merely an order matcher. Thats all he does 90% of the time. It is very easy to see when the specialist is providing liquidity. If you see size quoted on the level 2 box by nyse that is not in the open book, then that is the specialist providing liquidity. Whenever there is a lack of orders on the book, and a big buyer comes in, he spreads way up and waits for sellers to come in on the book so that he can try to match it. If not, he spreads even higher. I'm sorry, but that is NOT providing liquidity and it is FAR from taking risk.
I saw Don Bright say somewhere that the specialist rarely provides liquidity these days and that they only match orders and get paid for it. If he says that, then I wouldn't argue with him since he was a floor trader at one point and he knows what he's talking about.
However, the specialist does provide liquidity at extreme points. For example, when a stock shoots up 5 points in 30 minutes and he sees that the buyer is done, he keeps selling(shorting) and refreshes his offer on the level 2 screen. Thus, he is providing liquidity only when he knows that he is guaranteed a profit.