I think the US economy can expand a lot more with increasing debt. I recall that Japanese homebuyers were out to 50 years on their mortgages during their bubble. Most homeowners in the US refinanced recently and many went for shorter terms. They will have a lot of equity in a few years which will give them confidence to use consumer credit.
One characteristic of bubbles is that people that know a bubble is occuring have to be involved or stay on the sidelines and watch others benefit from it and they don't stay on the sidelines. Therefore education is not going to change anything.
Soros claims that you cannot know when you are in a bubble until later. I find this to not be true, we knew we were in a bubble in 1999, the tulip traders in Holland had to know they were in a bubble but what was the Fed going to do? I can't think of an option they had that would not constitute interference with the free market. If they try to affect the stock market but not the rest of the economy via interest rates they would find they could not do that.
The one thing that could have been done would be to limit margin trading or ban it temporatily, maybe until stock prices returned much closer to the very long term mean. Margin effect is an important vector in a bubble and a huge factor in the crash as well. I guess the SEC would have had to mandate margin rule changes but they chose not to, perhaps the admin at the time did not want to act on anything and take the blame for ending the good times.
One characteristic of bubbles is that people that know a bubble is occuring have to be involved or stay on the sidelines and watch others benefit from it and they don't stay on the sidelines. Therefore education is not going to change anything.
Soros claims that you cannot know when you are in a bubble until later. I find this to not be true, we knew we were in a bubble in 1999, the tulip traders in Holland had to know they were in a bubble but what was the Fed going to do? I can't think of an option they had that would not constitute interference with the free market. If they try to affect the stock market but not the rest of the economy via interest rates they would find they could not do that.
The one thing that could have been done would be to limit margin trading or ban it temporatily, maybe until stock prices returned much closer to the very long term mean. Margin effect is an important vector in a bubble and a huge factor in the crash as well. I guess the SEC would have had to mandate margin rule changes but they chose not to, perhaps the admin at the time did not want to act on anything and take the blame for ending the good times.