It all comes out in the wash. The most liquid markets are the most thoroughly arb'ed. E.g. factor trading, in the academic literature, generally 'works' best on smallcaps.
Maybe. And maybe not.
Sure, it makes us all feel warm and fuzzy with regard to the Efficient Market Hypothesis that lets us make sense of the world. But in practice? In harsh, repeatable, ugly reality?
Go inspect the SPX options bid-ask spreads.
Check out the weekly(s); check out the sub-weekly(s). Check out their respective volume. (Check out their respective OI! Doesn't matter.) As a conclusion, it would be safe to say that, regardless of volume, there is a consistent bid-ask spread constructed by market-makers of about ~50% at a roughly ten-delta, 1-strike vertical spread. A factor that consistently shrinks that bid-ask spread is time.
Now, though, check out the monthlies. You'll find the bid-ask spread is now ~400%. And the volume is upwards of 5x or 6x or more. Yowie!
There is a simple explanation for that dissimilarity, and totally in keeping with the EMH, but it's not immediately apparent. At any event, *volume* and *liquidity* are very much not the same thing. Yowie.
*[BTW -- a quick cheat: check out the .pdf I posted in this thread earlier....]