"And the pandemic has led to a burst of innovative government. Those which can afford it—and some, like Brazil’s, that cannot (see article)—have suppressed inequality by spending over $10trn on covid-19, three times more in real terms than in the financial crisis. That will dramatically reset citizens’ expectations about what governments can do for them."
This ties back to the Milton Friedman article I posted last week. The role of government in society has now increased, in a way that will be extremely difficult to roll back. Universal Basic Income is likely to be a significant part of the discussion in the future. Central bank digital currencies (or even just stablecoins issued by regulated companies) will make UBI very easy. It will also enable negative interest rates
With regards to negative rates, I'm currently reading the Rogoff book "The Curse of Cash" that talks about banning cash and all its benefits. When I finish I plan to write more about it but I find it more and more likely its going to become a reality
Ultimately what this all likely means are higher structural deficits, more debt and more money priting
Banning cash is some ways off in the USA - at least a decade and likely more IMO. Many US cities have actually banned cashless businesses on the grounds that it discriminates against blacks and latinos, which these days is enough to kill any law or proposal.
I think before that can happen we need to see a migration to centralized banking, wherein all individual accounts are held at the Fed and no longer by commercial banks - banks and fintechs sell customer-facing interfaces/overlays while deposit funding is replaced by Fed funding at the FFR. That transition will probably take place after the next big crisis, sometime in the late 2020s.
It's a bad time to be a saver, the days of making significant real returns on passive investments are coming to an end.