Executive orders...
History and use
"All presidents beginning with George Washington in 1789 have issued orders that in general terms can be described as executive orders. Initially they took no set form. Consequently, such orders varied as to form and substance.
[11] The most famous Executive Order was by President Abraham Lincoln when he issued the
Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Political scientist Brian R. Dirck states:
"The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order, itself a rather unusual thing in those days. Executive orders are simply presidential directives issued to agents of the executive department by its boss."
[12]
"Until the early 1900s, executive orders went mostly unannounced and undocumented, seen only by the agencies to which they were directed. This changed when the
Department of State instituted a
numbering scheme in 1907, starting with an order issued on October 20, 1862, by President
Abraham Lincoln. The documents that later came to be known as "Executive Orders" apparently gained their name from this document, captioned "Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana."
[6] President Franklin Roosevelt was the first to have an EO declared invalid."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order#History_and_use