Response to a group of comments.
There is no reqirement to participate to be able to evaluate a market. The Heisenburg prarallel is not applicable. Certainly those using the OODA routine disagree; it is a requirement for them so to do(participate). The alternative is to recognize not to bet based on a prediction. There is a substitute for their problem which is not a dilemma, in fact.
There ae many non exact sciences and maths. To not particpate in those, exactitude must be achieved. It comes down to two basic choices: directly or on a confirmational basis. Thus, consider a one step or a two step process. The issue centers on the unique market aspect, granularity. Students of math can wind their way along the path from where they ae to get to how haviing granulatiy funnels them to non probailistic information theory and its assortment of maths. I began at that point in 1957.
The introduction to the problem deals with a rational understanding of market variables. Variables are found as explicite tabulations of market history that surrounds the instrument's characterisitcs and how those are measured and tabulated. No.beta has, for his reasons, stepped over the line to make valuations and tabulations of non maket instrument characterisitcs. He hopes for a benefit and regognizes he is information starved forever. Commonly this is a non starter called a dilemma.
In these regards, you could consider my use of the Stretch/Squeeze which involves the Premium between cash and index (DJ) and how that leads the price of ES movement. You know Premium, you know cash value and you know index value. All are specifically determined with the precision of arithmetic. Hooking these into an algebraic equation yields a periodic diagnosis and the time rate of change of this resulting value "leads" the price time rate of change of ES. This is rejected by a grand variety of persuasions of people. For me, it is a simple tool that allows me to go to the proper subset of degrees of freedom (all deductively created) and focus on the rate of change with respect to the dependent variable, volume and NOT time. This is very far afield from almost all of the heirarchy of 32 approaches by Harris. Not all ,though.
No.beta is open minded with respect to his belief set and not open minded to my belief set. Perfect. Disagreement comes from people holding on to viewpoints that they got through a decision makeing sequence that they are aware of and probably have documented.
Cycles 1 through 10 are just five statements on a system and five statements on tooling to support the system. S/S ( cycle 9) is just a tool that allows one to steer to and focus upon degrees of freedom found in cycles 1 through 5, parts of the system.
When examiming the flow of the market, you do not use the same measures all of the time. At different events in the order of events you use differing measured to get exact conclusions.
this bold statement is usually not considered by anyone. tonyorlando makes it a cornerstone on the other hand, but it is in the form of a question and NOT an anwser.
Cycles 1 through 10 were imparted to parse the operation of the market. .By doing this, it is possible to make the bold paragraph explicite. It is possible to make conscious the "pieces". then it is possible to put the pieces together, Then it is possible to steer and focus to examine the correct subset at the right moment in the order of events. Thus, time is not the independent variable of the markets. The independent variable is volume. Recently, I may have caused more confusion than normal by misusing the term dependent; my apologies.
Unfotunately most people found their systems on things other than the order of events.
Drilling down deeper, most people do not recognize that their are only ten core cases of adjacent bars, almost no matter how a bar is determined. So look at the limiting case:the one tick bars. See if you can decide that probability disappears. Reason that the spread appears with disagreement on value and one side then prevails to have market information become historical data. as the minority is exhausted, this volume precipitates price change according to the granularity under conditions of liquidity.
Could you, then, build from this point forward only using non probabilistic mathematics and what would it be? It is finite math and all of it is binary and enhanced as a binary vector by using reason to establish effectiveness and efficiency. As mentioned, Keynes' paradigm theory and Carnap's logic theory comprise the whole of the finite math.