Dispersion Trading
A Guide for the Clueless
FDAXHunter
Equity Derivatives
Capital Structure Demolition LLC
July 2004
Version 1.1
Once upon a time dispersion trading desks used to be the
kings (and queens) of volatility trading in the equity arena
(if we ignore the 35 mio USD short vega position by
LTCM).
Dispersion desks can handle significant volatility risks in
the same way that a basket desk can handle extremely
large deltas per instrument or a cap/floor vs. swaption
trader can handle extremely large volatility risks per
underlying. As a matter of fact, a dispersion trader is
essentially a cap/floor vs. swaptions trader, albeit
somewhat less structured. Dispersion traders can come into
a single stock and sometimes sell signifcant vegas (read:
millions) before anyone knows what is happening.
Dispersion trading was a quite profitable trading activity
into the early 2000s.
The reason dispersion trading was quite profitable and
relatively risk less up until then is that the market showed a
long dispersion bias i.e. realized dispersion was above
implied dispersion on average.
Dispersion trading is also known under the moronic
pseudonym of volatility arbitrage. The only time there ever
was a true arbitrage was in the early 1990s in Europe. Here
we saw implied correlations above 1.0, which, needless to
say, are sort of a sell. Nobody capitalized on this arbitrage
opportunity. Why? Because if you can make money by
doing Reversals/Conversions and Jelly Rolls, why would
you bother with something more complicated like
dispersion?
Nowadays trading dispersion has become less a P/L
generator in itself but rather as a position risk management
and/or liquidity enhancement tool.