I agree with most of this.
My view is that the market is not random (unpredictable), but just because it's not random doesn't mean it's easily predictable either or that any given person who's new to this business can start predicting high probability outcomes. I don't think visually glancing at charts is a valid way of making predictions either, but if anyone is doing it consistently, I won't argue with them.
I use a predictive model which I started building 10 years ago and which I'm still refining. It's built on data and parameters. Not charts. Countless hours were spent figuring out all the necessary parameters and how they all interrelate. And I still have unanswered questions. But I've arrived at a place where I most often have a good expectation of the day ahead.
Still, I feel there a periods of times in the market where it seems truly random and unpredictable. Chaotic if you will. One example may be shortly after a news release or a FED statement or whatever when the market's oscillating in 10-30 point swings in fast sequence and there's no apparent direction. Some may say that this isn't random either and I may even agree with that as every price movement has its cause. I just don't think it's predictable with any reasonable degree of accuracy. Based on what I now know.
As for profiting from randomness is that's what someone believes: Enter on breakouts from a range and use a stop. But ES is probably not the best breakout market as often breakouts are false and reverse on you.
Same thing here that I already spent more than a decade to configure and improve and my trading setups. I agree with you that it's not as simple as taking a visual glance at price action and then making tons of money from there.
After spending more than a decade on observing price action, I'm pretty good at figuring out what market is likely going next within that a day or two, but when it comes to trading my setups don't care what I think or my view is because of rules that I've to follow and that I can't be biased.
I don't know about others. What I do know is that if one has the right configuration on their chose time frames and have spent enough times (let's say at least a year or two of solid works) to observe their charts, they will see the same thing repeated almost everyday. They will see that it's not random and this is where they should begin to focus on to find ways to capture the profits which I call a setup.
