How does one consistently position themselves to benefit from randomness?
The market isn't predictable 100% of the time, but there are quite a few setups and times where you can determine the outcome has a very high probability to end higher or lower.
There are cycles in the market and sometimes algo's aren't active and pull their bid which creates times where you should be short and / or avoiding longs. Also, there's short forced short covering setups that you can locate sometimes as well.
It's all about supply getting locked up, once sellers get trapped it causes the really fast spikes up that creates means reversion levels below that you can have reasonable expectation of market returning to, once you get a sell signal. That's also often where the market will bounce again after clearing those levels.
So, you only want to be trading when you have an advantage and you recognize the setup. If you'll notice the market often stalls near relative lows or highs as they collect shorts or collect longs "loading the bus" and testing supply than they either dump it or market rallies.
That's a lot of information, my only point is that the market isn't 100% predictable, but it isn't 100% random either.