End the year with a quick science quiz to help put you in the festive mood

TRY THE INTERACTIVE QUIZ

http://www.theage.com.au/national/e...from-angiosperms-onwards-20141214-1254le.html

1. What type of animal is a Moorish Idol?

2. Where in Victoria were so-called "electric" bacteria, with enough voltage to power a small LED light, recently found living?

3. What is the world's tallest flowering plant?

4. Where is the world's largest underground iron-ore mine located?

5. To which continent are emperor penguins native?

6. A New York appeals court recently rejected an animal rights advocate's bid to extend "legal personhood" to which animal species?

7. The prototype of an eight-rotor flying vehicle, called an octocopter, has been designed for missions to which planet?

8. Some fish migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn. What are they called?

9. In what year were cane toads first introduced to Australia from Hawaii?

10. What type of mimicry refers to a harmless species that has evolved to mimic a harmful species?

11. The echidna is an egg-laying mammal. Name another.

12. The Venus Flytrap is native to which continent?

13. Climate scientists are concerned that the melting of an Antarctic glacier, which is in the early stages of collapsing, might add up to 60 centimetres to sea levels. Name the glacier.

14. The science of soil management and the production of crops is known as what?

15. A radio telescope at the South Pole found supposed evidence for what type of waves? (They are not part of the electromagnetic spectrum but instead are ripples in the fabric of space-time.)

16. The United Nations' International Court of Justice ordered Japan to stop what activity in Antarctica?

17. Material from a human finger bone in a Siberian cave reveals that we once shared the Earth with a previously unknown human species. What is the species called?

18. White pointers are more popularly known as what?

19. Astronomers found icy rings around a celestial object known as 10199 Chariklo. What is it?

20. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology has a device called NIST-F2 that will not lose a second for at least 300 million years. What is it?

21. Smell is one of the two chemical senses. What is the other?

22. Dinosaur remains from volcanic flows are teaching us about the origins of what activity?

23. What are plant-eating animals known as?

24. And flesh-eating animals?

25. Bee populations worldwide are plummeting and one of the main causes is a pinhead-sized parasite. What is it called?

26. Less than 500 grams of the most potent poison known to science could kill more than half the world's population. What produces the poison?

27. Bacteria have been found in an Antarctic lake buried beneath 20 metres of ice for 2800 years. What is the lake called?

28. Chirping noises produced by crickets and grasshoppers to attract females are known as what?

29. By which chemical process do plants use solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into an energy-rich sugar?

30. Which sugar is produced in this way?

31. Approximately when did the world's first farmers begin cultivating plant crops for food?

32. Which crop forms the staple diet of most of the world's people?

33. What type of plants do botanists refer to as angiosperms?

34. Which part of a plant takes in energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide from the air?

35. Some plants are able to withstand the extremely salty conditions found in sand dunes and salt marshes. What are they called?

36. In the ground-breaking book On the Origin of Species who proposed that an isolated variety within a population might give rise to a new species best suited to its surroundings?

37. In what year was On the Origin of Species published?

38. Changes in the seasons may cause animals such as snow geese and salmon to start off instinctively on long treks. What are such journeys called?

39. Which British astronomer mapped the galaxies and nebulae of the southern sky and coined the word "photography"?

40. What is the source of energy in stars?

41. A heavy question: what is the source of energy in quasars (starlike celestial bodies outputting more power output than our entire galaxy)?

42. What is the name given to the fuels formed from the remains of animals and plants that were buried millions of years ago beneath layers of sediment?

43. What term describes the level of water vapour contained in air?

44. What is the technical word for storm clouds formed when cumulus clouds continue to billow upwards?

45. The study of weather systems and the atmosphere is known as what?

46. Carbon-neutral biofuels created from which farmed product may one day power international travel? (They are the world's fastest-growing photosynthetic organisms)

47. Where are the Nobel Prizes for science awarded?

48. Which scientist became Australia's first female Nobel Prize winner in 2009 for her work in chemistry and genetics? (She shared the award with US-based colleagues Carol Greider and Jack Szostak.)

49. Who was the last Australia-based scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize?

50. What does DNA, the molecules present in nearly all living organisms, stand for?
 
51. The first Nobel Prize ever to be purportedly sold by a living recipient was jointly awarded in 1963 to which of the three scientists recognised for uncovering the structure of DNA?

52. Which part of the brain is concerned with the regulation of temperature and water balance, as well as hunger, thirst, emotions and sex drive?

53. What scientific discipline studies the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behaviour?

54. Rocks come in three varieties. What are they?

55. Earth's outer crust comprises several huge plates and about a dozen smaller ones that fit together like a cracked eggshell. What are these plates called?

56. Which English mathematician and physicist discovered the binomial theorem, made several other contributions to mathematics, notably differential calculus and its relationship with integration, and set out the laws of mechanics and gravitation?

57. Who published a special theory of relativity in 1905 that challenged the notion of absolute space and time?

58. What is the speed of light?

59. What is the smallest possible unit of time?

60. How long is a yoctosecond, the smallest unit of time that currently can be measured?

61. Which stable subatomic particle, found in all atomic nuclei, has a positive electric charge?

62. Which stable subatomic particle, found in all atoms, carries electricity in solids?

63. Which subatomic particle, found in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen, has roughly the same mass as a proton but no electric charge?

64. Which subatomic particles are thought to bind together quarks, the building blocks of protons and neutrons?

65. Which German theoretical physicist, who founded quantum theory, postulated in 1900 that energy was emitted not continuously but in fixed amounts or "quanta"?

66. What kind of computer will use the quantum states of subatomic particles to store information?

67. What was the name of the world's first satellite, launched in October 1957?

68. What is the name of the NASA spacecraft that is scheduled to begin a highly elliptical polar orbit of the gas giant Jupiter in July 2016?

69. Which Italian astronomer and physicist is, in the words of Cambridge scientist Stephen Hawking, "perhaps more than any other single person, responsible for the birth of modern science"?

70. Who was the first human to journey into space?

71. Who was the first American in space?

72. Who was the first person to set foot on the moon in July 1969?

73. Our moon is much smaller than the Earth and so its gravity is (a) two-thirds (b) half (c) one-quarter, or, (d) one-sixth of our planet's gravity?

74. NASA found on the moon a significant amount of a substance that would help set up a permanent lunar base. What did they find?

75. What is the name of the six-wheeled roving laboratory that NASA landed on Mars in August 2012?

76. Which is the solar system's innermost planet?

77. Which was once the outermost planet until demoted to dwarf planet, or plutoid, status?

78. Which planet has the coldest atmosphere?

79. On which two moons in the solar system have the coldest surfaces been recorded so far?

80. Which planet has the hottest atmosphere?

81. What famous display of colours lights up the skies of the far northern hemisphere?

82. Which is the nearest star to our sun?

83. Which NASA probe launched in 1977 to investigate the outer planets has travelled further than any other spacecraft?

84. Which is our solar system's biggest planet?

85. Which is the largest of Saturn's vast entourage of natural satellites?

86. Earlier this year, NASA's LADEE probe was instructed to shut down and get on course to crash into the far side of what?

87. What animal is Australia's largest land predator?

88. On what island is Australia's northernmost marine research station based?

89. Where is the world's southernmost astronomical observatory based?

90. Where is the world's second-most-southern astronomical observatory based?

91. Which bright star in the constellation of Orion is expected to explode as a supernova any time within the next few 100,000 years or so?

92. What is the Messier number of the Andromeda galaxy?

93. Into what sort of collapsed object will the sun eventually turn?

94. What does the acronym RADAR stand for?

95. Within the Earth, magma is heated, causing it to rise. It then cools and sinks. What is this type of movement known as?

96. At the turn of the century, Australia changed to a standard of 230 volts for domestic electricity. What is the frequency?

97. Which organisation invented Wi-Fi?

98. What is the male part of a flower called?

99. Which is the world's driest desert?

100. Where are Mauna Loa and Kilauea, two of the planet's most active volcanoes, located?
 
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Answers

1. A fish

2. Yarra River

3. Mountain ash

4. Kiruna, Swedish Lapland

5. Antarctica

6. Chimpanzees

7. Mars (www.smh.com.au/it-pro/green-light-for-octocopters-on-mars-20141019-116t3z.html)

8. Anadromous fish

9. 1935 (www.smh.com.au/it-pro/scientists-hunt-down-cane-toads-20140810-101c9g.html)

10. Batesian mimicry

11. Platypus

12. North America

13. Thwaites Glacier

14. Agronomy

15. Gravitational waves (www.theage.com.au/national/education/cosmic-ripples-make-waves-20140328-35n9t.html)

16. Whaling

17. The Denisovans (named after a cave where their remains were found)

18. Great White Sharks (www.smh.com.au/it-pro/shark-smarts-win-out-as-cull-shelved-20141005-10nlaq.html)

19. An asteroid

20. An atomic clock

21. Taste (www.theage.com.au/national/education/healthy-look-at-a-mental-feast-20140307-34b9q.html)

22. Flight (www.theage.com.au/technology/sci-tech/blast-from-the-past-20140228-33p18.html)

23. Herbivores

24. Carnivores

25. Varroa destructor, an oval-shaped, reddish-brown mite (www.smh.com.au/it-pro/bee-careful-out-there--a-parasitic-marauder-is-nearly-at-our-shores-20140831-109ics.html)

26. A bacterium – Clostridium botulinum

27. Lake Vida

28. Stridulation

29. Photosynthesis (www.theage.com.au/technology/sci-tech/hope-for-algaepowered-future-20130805-2r37m.html)

30. Glucose

31. About 10,000 years ago

32. Rice

33. Flowering plants

34. Leaves

35. Halophytes

36. Charles Darwin (www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/the-origin-of-life-revealed-20120716-224us.html)

37. 1859

38. Migrations

39. Sir John Herschel

40. Nuclear fusion

41. Gravity

42. Fossil fuels (www.smh.com.au/it-pro/dawning-of-the-anthropocene-age-20140504-zr2jg.html)

43. Humidity

44. Cumulonimbus

45. Meteorology

46. Algae (www.smh.com.au/it-pro/algaebased-biofuels-a-sustainable-way-to-fly-20140817-103zm9.html)

47. Stockholm, Sweden

48. Elizabeth Blackburn

49. Brian Schmidt

50. Deoxyribonucleic acid

51. James Watson

52. Hypothalamus

53. Psychology

54. Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic

55. Tectonic plates (www.theage.com.au/technology/shake-rattle-and-roll-20130507-2ixqh.html)

56. Isaac Newton

57. Albert Einstein

58. 300,000 kilometres per second – in a vacuum

59. Planck time

60. One septillionth, or a million million million millionth of a second

61. Proton

62. Electron

63. Neutron

64. Gluons

65. Max Planck

66. Quantum computer

67. Sputnik 1

68. Juno (www.smh.com.au/national/education/mission-incredible-nasas-juno-orbiter-on-the-brink-of-jupiter-exploration-20141130-11uy9u.html)

69. Galileo Galilei

70. Yuri Gagarin

71. Alan Shepard

72. Neil Armstrong

73. (d)

74. Frozen water – aka ice

75. Curiosity (www.theage.com.au/national/education/cosmic-ripples-make-waves-20140328-35n9t.html)

76. Mercury (www.theage.com.au/national/education/messengers-mercury-sojourn-20131206-2yvvf.html)

77. Pluto

78. Uranus

79. Our moon and Neptune's biggest satellite, Triton

80. Venus (www.theage.com.au/technology/sci-tech/its-tday-for-venus-20120618-1zu7q.html)

81. Aurora borealis or Northern Lights

82. Proxima Centauri

83. Voyager 1 (www.theage.com.au/technology/sci-tech/voyager-to-boldly-go--20131009-2uyn9.html)

84. Jupiter (www.smh.com.au/national/education/jupiters-great-red-spot-not-so-great-any-more-20141109-11hwhk.html)

85. Titan (www.theage.com.au/national/education/lifting-the-lid-on-a-remote-realm-20130215-2ehpd.html)

86. The moon

87. The dingo (recently found to be a unique species and not a form of wild dog as many once believed)

88. Lizard Island

89. Antarctica

90. On the shore of Lake Tekapo, South Island, New Zealand

91. Betelgeuse

92. M31

93. White dwarf

94. Radio Detection And Ranging

95. Convection

96. 50 hertz

97. CSIRO

98. The stamen (includes anthers and filaments)

99. Atacama Desert, Chile

100. Hawaii
 
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