1. Completely stupid question, please bear with me: Do the moves in the futures contracts mirror the indexes or do the indexes mirror the futures? In other words, which moves first, for example: the ES or the actual s&p 500?
A: Unfortunately there is not a perfect science here. If there was, everyone would simply trade the lagging instrument.
2. How much is each point worth in $$ per contract for all of these: ER/ES/NQ/YM... And which is the least riskiest?
A: spend a little time at
www.cme.com and
www.cbot.com
As for 'least riskiest' that really depends on how you define risk.
3. Do downtick/uptick rules apply to futures as in nyse equities? Or can you short easily?
A: No uptick rules, easy to short.
4. Do futures stop trading at 3:15 pm?
A: Yes and now. At 4:15pm EST the current session ends, takes a 15 min break and then reopens. When it reopens however volume goes down dramatically.
5a. With a $5000 deposit, can I trade any one of these contracts?
A: Sure, especially if you want to day trade.
5b. How many contracts of ER can I trade with a 5k deposit?
A: Depends on what margins your broker gives you.
I can appreciate the questions, and while you will get some answers here, you REALLY need to spend hours at the 2 websites I gave you. Each site is full of information and very good resources.