"4th Quarter earnings will be $120 million" is a company forecast based on their internal analysis of their data.
Traders take this info and hold it up against past sales data to determine if it is meaningful. If sales 4th quarter last year were $300 million, that makes the current forecast meaningful than if you looked at it in a vaccuum. $120 million is sales is meaningless unless put in context to past data for that company.
Makes sense. But that's not price data