its another model in which you seem to assign blame based on conjecture from their modeling.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480051/
"In this study, we take advantage of county-level variation in Covid-19 mortality to estimate excess deaths associated with the pandemic and examine how the extent of excess mortality not assigned to Covid-19 varies across subsets of counties defined by sociodemographic and health characteristics."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480051/
"In this study, we take advantage of county-level variation in Covid-19 mortality to estimate excess deaths associated with the pandemic and examine how the extent of excess mortality not assigned to Covid-19 varies across subsets of counties defined by sociodemographic and health characteristics."