Piezoe, all those government actions you described, cash for clunkers, cash for appliances, tax rebates, cash for homebuyers and helicopter bills...do not make any lasting positive change. The cash for stuff is simply market distorting in that it brings transactions forward at a great cost that must be paid for later and it hurts production outside the temporally targeted industries. Unless you think government can default with impunity you must consider that borrowing to fund selected markets must be paid back by increased tax collection from all private markets. Tax rebates and helicopter bills are keynesian prescriptions that also must be paid for with higher taxes on the private sector so they are counter productive in that they may increase the sale of cheetos for a while but they will lead to lay offs and lower production in the long run. These desperate pathetic economically destructive political moves do prop up some of the flawed price change and gdp, and other consumption demand and sentiment measures, for a short while, but they don't reverse the underlying disinflationary tide that, like rust, does not sleep. To make matters worse these moves are wasting credit resources and government credit that is already stretched and needs to be preserved for real solutions.
Hyperinflation is not related to inflation; it is a misnomer. Hyperinflation is a result of the insolvency of the sovereign sponser of debt, including currency. It occurs when an overleveraged sovereign cannot roll over old debt or borrow new debt in the international market. It is a realization that the sovereigns debt, including the currency debt, is no good.
In contrast inflation assumes that sovereign debt and private debt are both good and, the process of inflation as reflected in rising prices actually requires an aggregate expansion of private credit to facilitage the transfer of capital from financial assets to tangible assets...which is what makes price indexes rise. Inflation does not lead to hyperinflation any more than deflation does...the trigger for hyperinflation is sovereign insolvency...more likely to arise in a context of deflation.
Fed leverage cannot replace private leverage becuase Fed borrowing is not leveraged. When the Fed borrows and increases deficit in order to spend the money it borrows against sovereign credit. For the most part this increased sovereign debt is spent on consumption that has no future derivative income...sustaining the salaries of union government workers. The debt increases with no increase in the ability to pay the debt in the future so the expectation of private sector tax increase rises. In contrast when the private sector invests money, the investment is targeted at creating a future income stream to pay the debt back, and the investment is actually leveraged with bank financing on a project basis...gov't pays cash to pay cops and teachers....private sector invests savings of, say, 20%, and borrows 80% to build a building. Money has a multiplier in the private investment. If the private venture fails the private venture equity is lost and the lenders lose money, but the deficit that has to paid with higher taxes does not increase. You see the difference?
The solution is fiscal incentives, creating an expectation of a realisable retained after tax profit for risk takers. At this point that would mean a complete restructuring of our tax code and method of funding entitlements. Nothing else will work.
Oh, that definintion of self liquidating debt...."Self-liquidating credit is a loan that is paid back, with interest, in a moderately short time from production. This means that production facilitated by the loan generates the financial return that makes repayment possible. The full transaction adds value to the econmy"... is way too tortured and full of extraneous crap...a self liquidating debt is simply a debt that amortizes over the term of the loan. Self liquidating debts can be as badly invested or properly invested as any other way of amortizing or paying off debt...after all traditional mortages are self liquidating...that doesn't make them all good.