I know some and I know what I don't know...Quote from toolazy:
You seem to know a lot... Do you mind answering this question
As all countries have net debt, who is the lender ?
Your question isn't really formulated precisely enough. First of all, not ALL countries have net debt. There are countries out there that don't borrow. Secondly, when you talk about "net debt" you need to define the concept more precisely, e.g. "net public debt" or "net external debt" or something like that.
In general, possible answers to what you might be asking could be: 1) the country's citizens and corporations (that's predominantly the case, for example, in Japan); or 2) it could be a country's foreign trade partners (as is the case for the US, for example); or 3) it could be the future generations of the country's citizenry, through pension funds (as is the case, for example, in Norway or the Netherlands).
Basically, the answer is, as usual, it depends
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