ledges are areas where there is at the moment a 2876 bid that 's been continually hit and held,won't last so a break of it is a short,works differently once you are using longer timeframes than a day,so in short you watch those three things(nip,cleave, and ledge) to get long,short, target the next price and aim for it,watch these as keys to what comes next...the widest nip ,where the most trades took place holds the most respect(that white rectangle denoted on the chart....watch em for awhile and come up with your own analysis is the best way to learn it,but having 3 things to concentrate on shortens the analysis conundrum