Fossil fuels for teh win.
Indeed. No other energy source comes near their EROI. That, and the Holocene epoch, are what made 8 billion of us and our civilization possible. Unfortunately, burning them has pitched us out of that friendly interval and into something much more hostile. Something that will bust all our toys and tools. It's already happening, tipping points have been reached and exceeded. And technology cannot save us, because the only energy source capable of producing so much surplus energy, above what we still need today, and building alternative technology for the transition, is itself FF. This is the human ecological Predicament. If we burn them we're dead, but if we stop we're dead.
Shut down consumption, hard, you say, to free up a surplus of energy and materials to build the alternatives, like nuclear (nuclear I say!)? Unfortunately, we waited too long. We (and I may as well be me and say it, the we is capitalists), ignored the "hippies" of the '70s and just kept on digging and burning. Now we've burned through at least half of Nature's one time endowment of that concentrated solar energy and, naturally, it was the easy half, the profitable half. The other half is dispersed, small, increasingly expensive to obtain. That is, it's EROI is much lower. Our future is going to be much poorer as a result. And along the way, some downsizing will be steady, but there will also be sudden, painful contractions, bringing chaos and suffering.
From an ecological perspective, one that takes energy, materials, and physics itself seriously, all that contraction continues until a new, sustainable equilibrium is reached. Ironically, that equilibrium is going to look a lot like, if we're really fortunate, the time just before FF, maybe mid-18th century New England. That's the best we can hope and strive for. But I personally don't think that's possible for one very clear reason: our environment will be much denuded (it's denuded today) by the time we get there, we won't get to start over with a fresh biosphere and untapped hemisphere.