Charting --- who uses what?

[Grob109]

Quote from jonnyy40:

Jack.
Is it better(best) to use OHLC bars in order to 'see' (form a picture)? FBPs, FTPs etc.I've been using candles almost since I started as OHLC seemed 'dead'.Am I likely to be missing things (placing emphasis incorrectly) by using them?I'm playing catch-up at the moment and may have some remedial questions - should I post them here?

Posting here is helpful to others. I posted in MSN to get some stuff organized. I can't do tasks thoroughly as yet.

Candles are "new" to me. I read a lot of stuff so I know about them. I think from seeing them that they form during the period they cover.

For making money, it isimportant to assign importance to numbers you are using. Since O, H, L, and C occur once at least and sometimes at most, I rank them equally in unimportance.

I wish that MA could be done like candles, the lag would be emphasized. Putting the answer 1/2 the bars back relative to the total interval would keep the value far away from the current price. LOL. It would prevent x overs too.

I believe there is a philosphy of candles. There are names assigned to their appearances and their adjacent relationships.

I call such things "gimicks" relative to the P, V relationship of the two market variables. I am looking forward to volume candles and combined price and volume candles.

Supply and demand candles would be neat too. I should do an Andy Rooney on this.

Segway.

We need to view price in the moment primarily. The supply/demand journal named Price Volume has lines drawn here and there that emphasize, often, the "moving" side of bars. It is the opposite of channels it turns out. And comes out tellingstories that lag like MA's do. Like news, it is all recent history and not what relates to making money due to continuing price change.

Chunking data into bars is done to make money. Think about music. We "listen" to songs. We like songs because they "make sense" and appeal to us.

We believe in the music we like. Singing and dancing is immemorial. We acquire skills to participate. We sense and emote. We are also able to judge music.

I like making money the same way I like to make music. One I hear the other I see.

To see making money I use representations of the variables of the markets performance.

Pace, volatility, etc........ Up and down the scales......... All market compositions are originals but they are like music.

What is very very important is to be able to sense the market like you sense music. You can write out the tune you are hearing. The reasons are that you know notes and harmony and most important you "have memory" of the unravelling of the music. Further you "remember" songs.

81 bars compose the day for ES everyday. A W or M describes the am , mdday, pm sequence of the song. Four intraday trends.

Trends begin with a right to left traverse. Then they rerace to the right again and the new point 3 sets the trend.

I could type the above two sentences for a year or so and hardly anyone would "get" it. If I sang a few bars of a trend, everyone would "hear" it. the 5 minute choice is made by me to get81 bars for a day. They combine to let me "hear" the "tune" of the market.


Bars are "dead" to you and that is fine because we do not want to be using them for anything except to support making money. They give us boundaries of market movement. Most important they provide pictures of our beliefs.

We can get to "know" that song by its tune..

We are trying to get to "seeing is believing" and making it as easy as "hearing that tune of long ago"

Here is a killer "gimick" with plain bars just like knowing a candle gimick. Do this every day and you will make more than the daily H/L range. 2500 points a year for 125,000 bucks a year per contract.

Print five days of charts. Take a red ball point. Mark the 6 to eight lowest volume bars. Take a green ball point, circle the two tick bars. Circle the three tick bars.

You see that if volume is very low (Do PRV), you have a range of three entry prices max.

On the next bar enter in the direction of the extension of the next bar. Hold until the extension on that bar or the next one or two comes to a halt. Exit.

You do eight trades a day. You are in the market up to ten minutes eight times.

For candle people, they see this as a named pair of bars. You just see it as one bar and trade ahead of the cnadle crew.

VDU gives you a short bar before a BO. you know what value VDU has. You enter when the following bar goes "outside" the VDU price bar.

This is a nice "edge" trade that comes up 8 times a day.

Why can't this trade ever go against you?? LOL.

Bottom line. Keep bars simple and learn to know their "tunes". Making money is a musical experience.

We use bars to form melodies of trends that we exit at the end of.

Trading just the first right to left traverse of the first of four daily trends gets you 75,000 a year per copntract for 30 min a day. This is a "tape" set of bars that comes to an end and you exit.

 

[Champion]

Are you referring to the Dow? How is it you only make 2500pts a year if you do more than the HL each day? Thanks.

 

[nwbprop]

Quote from Grob109:


In a "taping" trend you are looking for several things. They are:

Money velocity changes; the leading indicator of smart money; the tape extreme; a 2 pair; a spike.

All this happens on bar 5. On a tape you reverse because you have a spike ending after a 2 pair.

I just had a few questions:

When we approach the left side of a channel I would think that the spike in volume(above 6k on 1 minute) would come "before" a 2 pair reversal instead of after. My thinking is the smart money is exiting/reversing on the volume spike and the confirmation of the reversal is the 2 pair that follows. does the 2 pair come before or after the volume spike?

Also when approaching the right side of the channel after a 5 min tape turning into a 15 minute tape(forming a pt 3), I would expect the volume to be decreasing. Therefore, I think the sequence would go vdu on the 1 minute, 2 pair, and translation resumption of the slower trend w/o the volume spike.

Another sequence i have noticed is that on 15 minute tapes, when the left side of the channel gets hit, it seems to go through two 2 pairs. This means it hits the left channel twice within the same 5 minutes. Therefore, it may be more optimal to exit on the second 2 pair within the same 5 minutes. This is also where i notice the indu/ym at neutral(very very kewl).

Another very very very important question i had was with discerning what a hitch looks like from a stall on the ES AND the INDU using IF 2's. I noticed that SCTing the INDU 2 min can be very useful for figuring out the immediate "right" side.

What I really am trying to figure out is the bar sequences of a hitch from a stall on the INDU 2 min chart and how to use that to take action. Although I cannot discern a hitch from a stall, i know that one cannot happen if the other is happening. This leads me to believe that they both start the same way. I am just lost on this subject but i think it can be very important.

Thanks.

 

[Grob109]

Quote from Champion:

Are you referring to the Dow?

Like most traders who have longer records, most stuff began with DJXX and when phone was the modus. Today, you have many choices for these two techniques: the 30 min first fast sloped am trade and/or the Very Dry Up (VDU)/then brief trend trades. Eminis are great for this I illustrated the ES results.

If you search, you can find the generic basis called "30 minute DJ trade" and the "gimick" one I wrote here is the first half of FR trading. FR is Failure to Resume. I posted that as a simple money maker for "hair trigger" traders. what is at hand there is a 15 bar series. The "gimick" is bars 2, 3, and possibly 4. 2 is VDU bar and 3 and 4 are the BO bars. All on 5 min charts.

There are two pieces on FR. Theone mentioned above and the full piece that gives you the four possible combinations for Failure to resume. You double the money making using the FR approach. this takes you up to 1/4 million a year per contract (5,000 ES points).

Right now there is a thread on if and how mathematics can be used to make money somehow. The title is long. I will not be posting there. A while back I posted in a thread more focussed than that one. This thread was based upon analyzing pairs of bars. I used Venn diagrams to discuss it in the context of the universe of opportunity.

All of this makes thepoint that there are numerous ways to make a great deal of money and that people will not be able to because of how they are driven by math in the context of not knowing much about the markets.

I could make a list of four columns: list number, method name, brief method description, and amount made per year per contract. Lets say I start out with 100 entries. This will establish some good possibilities to choose from. I want all families to have some of these running so they are free of disruption in the quality of their family lives. (Google: Franco Modigliani)

Next to add to this I would use the 100 ID numbers to place then in a matrix whose rows are the seven fractal levels and whose columns are the various markets. Most cells will say go to table XX. within thetable will be many numbers and their money making cpability under that cells conditions of fractal periodicity and method applied in that specific market. Almost all of these methods reduce to mechanical software.

What we get to is an understanding that not many people have done anything to learn to make money. there is a thing called back testing. In ET when that type of harrangue was directed at me for beginners stuff, their was and order of magnitude difference (a Factor of 10) in the results peiople got presumably back testing a simple method. As a person goes from these 100 methods to anything that depends upon linking methods (google independance/ dependance of trades), the limiting case becomes making money all of the time. It is possible that a lot of money can be made once it is recognized that all parts of the market can be described by methods that apply to making money.

The issue then becomes how to minimize what a person needs to do to accomplish all of this as a trading enterprise. If this concept is available to anyone to consider (hypo would not be able to because he thinks in terms of bull$hit), then all we are faced with is assimilation of all the methods on all the fractals into a single method.

In the limiting case you arrange the fractals by spacing them properly. This gives you a circumstance where all that you do after that applies equally well everywhere.

All methods reduce to a binary functional consideration. That is expected. You now see why I did the "gimick" to get to a place "beyond" the dabbling in candlesticks.

The binary functional consideration comes down to a choice of either A or B. Monitoring mathematically, keeps the contemporary situation defined as A or B. For what ever reason, the same result is expressed in the Boolean expression for the P, V relationship. P and V, it turns out, are the only time based variables of the marketplaces.

So that is where I came to over nearly 50 years of work. for making money, A is "continuation" and B is "flaws". It all turns out to be a KISS result.

 

[Grob109]

The macro maths are construed as "powerful" and all encompassing. Crays are used for this stuff. By applying the criteria of making money to these applications, you can conclude that they do not work. The limiting example out of Greenwich, Conn required about 12 firms to kick in each about 300million to cover the "drawdown". "Drawdown" is an expression that describes mistakes and screwups based upon lack of understanding and taking high risks. To get from X to Y, there is never a requirement to go an intermediate stupid place (called drawdown). The alternative is, to simply view all the alternatives for making money from the simplest on up aways until you have continuous overlap of these (I call that "coverage", borrowing from desert and rangelend ecology), gets you to the starting line for optimization. Optimization is defined as going to KISS in the limit.

For people, who are the monitors usually, it requires programming people. People watch (sense) the data.

To be effective in using all the merged small named methods as a unit, comes down to using a switch labled "continue" and "flaws". A programmed person simply monitors and determines to continue or respond to flaws.

Programming is understood by many at this point. I learned by osmosis in the late 50's. IBM's vacuum tube computers had namy parts. One of my jobs was getting new computers ready to work . I learned to read "D" sized drwaings of the entire systems, commit them to memory roughly speaking and then sit a keyboards and fing moths and failed vaccuum tubes located on "pluggable" units.

I changed the testing of oil cooled memory banks of magnetic threaded cores from a 2 1/2 day test to a 2 1/2 hour test.

I see markets as systems. I have learned how they work. They deliver money to people who are programmed to take money out.

People win or lose according to their programming. I used five daily charts to program hypo. He took four months to program himself. Look in the long name thread in trading. Actually he is just recognising that the gimmick I typed is the same as wht he spent four months informally recognizing.

Programming people is done as a process. It turns out to be self programming most of the time. Reading books does not program a person. ET participants make that clear. People request that people here post stating what is what on a 1 page sheet. They are used to going to work and getting one page sheets that they understand is what they are supposed to do until they get their next assignment. The train of these assignments from work job to work job flow for a reason that they, as yet, do not grasp.

To go from scratch to excellence, requires continuing input on learning to trade. Each portion comes into the picture provisionally. Do five daily graphs. Then a person monitors for a week and either peper trades or trades a contract. He uses the provisional stuff he accepted over the weekend. In a week he makes some money. He refines what he does day after day.

He can believe that VDU occurs each day up to 8 times. He caqn believe that entering as the price BO's from one end of the VDU price bar gets him into a trade that is continuing to translate on DOM, continuing to extend the 5 min price bar and contining to produce a squeese or stretch on the INU/YM04M offset. He learns that all of these things end. He learns to exit (or if he is doing FR's too, to reverse and double his profits within 12 bars during a dull low volume market).

On the weekend he can look at his earnings curve, his five year business plan, and his other progress. This leads to "seeking" followed by learning, followed by more beliefs that work similarly.

This is the process. I feel that 28 questions can scope and bound what counts for becoming vey very wealthy. There is a status for everyone at any time. As shown in these q's: II-1 c., III-6, IV-3, and V-1, you can develop, by a process, a complete set of beliefs that allow you to make money making decisions.

How is it you only make 2500pts a year if you do more than the HL each day?

I may not have been clear. A person only makes 2500 points a year as you point out if he only does the "gimmick". I trade at an expert level. I have had a day in equities that made 14 years of profits at that level.

If a person is beginning to get involved inmaking money, the point is to not delay making some money right from the start. the true value of the"gimmick" is that you must watch every bar for the opportunity. suppose you knew there were four trends a day. Suppose you knew that they each went on for a while. You might find out as you did 8 trades aday just doing "gimmick" that they occurred in these four trends (they do). You might find that the extremes of the day never occur when you are exiting (they don't).

The first fast paced right to left travesreon the first channel of the day is the same kind of thing. All people who live out west compared to Easterners who spend a whole day trading, only have to do the fast traverse before they go to play golf or work if they do. suppose that person stuck around to get new point 3 and trade out the rest of the trend up to a failure to traverse started the next trend.

all of these things lead to provisional beliefs, which when experienced enough times actually become beliefs that replace other former beliefs that were not money making beliefs. this is how people go through the transition from always being "right" to the place where they are getting rich fairly rapidly. they get a lot more "righter" after they give up believing being "right" is most important.


Thanks. [/B][/QUOTE]

 

[Grob109]

Thanks for you post. It is extremely helpful to me.

I am going to handle it as follows: I will use green to make points of mine. I will change some of your stuff to red. What you see of your that is red; use with caution. Everyone has their personal methods to do what they do. At the best, they add to their stuff, things that I suggest that help them do better..

This combination is synergistic and better than either part standing alone.

In this post we have a chance to see your stuff and my stuff. and even better how it can fit together.

I will post in blue, the combination of stuff that is what I think is a final answer that works after the black, green and red is combined in a great way.

I recommend that everyone read this to be able to see how to deal with a variety of inputs and from them be able to reason to higher ground.

Quote from nwbprop:

I just had a few questions:

When we approach the left side of a channel I would think that the spike in volume(above 6k on 1 minute) would come "before" a 2 pair reversal instead of after.

I go through slowing people down by stages. slowing down means gettingwell away from the hyperness that a personcall inject into the market for their personal reasons.

Draw channels on the 5 min chart. Do not go to the 1 min chart except APA. Do not use APA for a while. As you are in a channel draw in the right line of the traverse of the channel.

Look for the 2 pair. watch it function over and over and over as you also see that the 5 min bar no longer extends to the left.

On the 5 min chart you will always fail to see a 30K volume accumulate over 5 minutes at a rate of 6,000 per minute PRV. start doing PRV to prove this to yourself and never look at volume on the 1min bars. Never.

This will slow you down and tend to relax you. All through thie you have been making money up to the two pair. The profits vary between max, 12.50 off and 25 dollars off (all per contract). This whole portion is a 25 dollar conversation max at a time when you are making money at a relatively fast pace in a trend.

My thinking is the smart money is exiting/reversing on the volume spike and the confirmation of the reversal is the 2 pair that follows.

Does the 2 pair come before or after the volume spike?

the two pair begins it; the price spike ends it

Smart money is over on the YM04M. You are trading the ES ahead of commercials, producers, the herd, edgers and faders among edgers. What is nice about ES is that there is no real identifyable smart money group as an influencing practicing group or subgroup that leads the market.

You, in a relaxed manner, assure "continuation" with "coarse monitoring observations and analysis. All is well through out the right to left traverse and you "see" it arrive on the left channel line. To get there the bar extends to the left channel line. You survey. You have all potential orders on your trading platform. You may, 12 times per snapshot on the DOM of IB, mentally sequence stuff. It is impossible not too because you are "sensing" and not having receptors blocked by peptides from repeated whatever. If they were you would not post the stuff you do.

You not longer see anything but prorata volume.

when you see the written description of the 2 pair that ends the right to left traverse on the channel line, you know you drew the line properly. You know you are now going to lock in profits. you can make all but the spread on the extreme pair. All but the spread on the second pair. Or you can go out on the next pair after that when the price spike is set. Per contract, you make as much as you do by how long you "wait". Early is more, later is less. It is not a tough decision and the prices appear over and over to choose from. When you exit (do not reverse). clean up the trading platform; do all house keeping. fill in the trading log. Then look at DOM it will be the same or different.

color=red]Also when approaching the right side of the channel after a 5 min tape turning into a 15 minute tape(forming a pt 3), I would expect the volume to be decreasing.[/color]

This is a prediction. Don't


Therefore color=green]Don't[/color] , I think the sequence would go vdu on the 1 minute, 2 pair, and translation resumption of the slower trend w/o the volume spike.

color=blue]When doing left to right traverses you are drawing right line on the chart (5min) and doing coarse datagathering and analysis. The result is continuation. The right line is the trend line of the channel.

This is what is for sure. You are either in or sidelined. In means you are making money because the traverse rightline is tipped at an angle that makes money. you are in holding a postion opposite that of the trend channel you are traversing. Naturally you are well set up if the trend gets flushed down the drain on a right channel BO. This is a hot Deal for you and you have already caught the beginning of the next trend at it best place (point 1).

You will notice that all left to right trends in an intraday channel that occur get better and better for making money. say there are four of them. the first is alow volatility flat one. the second is a slightly reversed higher volatility one. The third is a somewhat steeper one of good volatility that seems to tape. This last one is terrific for making money.

The only other one is the kind that comes after a failure of a right to left traverse, and de facto, is the beginning of the next trend.

Sooo, you are relaxed and coming to the right trend line. In all cases where a full left to right traverse has occurred you are looking for the 2 pair on the right trend line and a profit taking event which plunges you into a right to left high velocity money making situation. this is a manditory reverse.. enjoy it.

You did not go to the 1 minute. you did PRV to see the decreasing volume to end the traverse and a flaw canned the traverse right on the right trendline of the channel. A spike occurred after the 2pair. again you decided how much profit you wanted: max, 12.50 off or 25.00 off max per contract.[/color]

Another sequence I have noticed is that on 15 minute tapes, when the left side of the channel gets hit, it seems to go through two 2 pairs. This means it hits the left channel twice within the same 5 minutes. Therefore, it may be more optimal to exit on the second 2 pair within the same 5 minutes. This is also where i notice the indu/ym at neutral(very very kewl).

Another sequence I have noticed is that on 15 minute tapes, when the left side of the channel gets hit, it seems to go through two 2 pairs. This means it hits the left channel [color=blue many times[/color] within the same 5 minutes. Therefore, it may be more optimal to exit on the spike following the 2 pair on the 5 minutes bars. This is also where I notice the indu/ym at neutral(very very kewl). getting conscious of neutral is a big league advanceand will slow you down until you see it

 

[Grob109]

Another very very very important question i had was with discerning what a hitch looks like from a stall on the ES AND the INDU using IF 2's. I noticed that SCTing the INDU 2 min can be very useful for figuring out the immediate "right" side.

hitch is brief on 2 min INU (3 bars) then you will see a dip come up following a trend long bar resumption. A dip is a sagging hitch. stalls are poop outs. they are up to 6 bars ong on INDU.

What I really am trying to figure out is the bar sequences of a hitch from a stall on the INDU 2 min chart and how to use that to take action. Although I cannot discern a hitch from a stall, i know that one cannot happen if the other is happening. This leads me to believe that they both start the same way. I am just lost on this subject but i think it can be very important.

They occur in an order between resumes (right to left traverses) of each of the four intraday trends of a given day.. This is why you see the left to right traverses between channel lines on the ES change from traverse to traverse.

You will also note that each following trend continuing traverse slows down. They less far and they start from greater retraces.

Thanks.

 

[jonnyy40]

Just noticed in your 2nd April ES chart that you have differentiated the colour of the volume bars.Isn't this a rather coarse measure compared to others (a distraction) if it's vauable,can you explain how,please?

 

[neutrosphere]

Anyone use AT financial's charting? The company is now gone correct? how bout neovest idealink? i tlaked to the rep there and he so excitged bout it , he wa about to burst. Ideallink supposedly has this great filter, anyone use it? is it any good?

 

[Grob109]

Quote from jonnyy40:

Just noticed in your 2nd April ES chart that you have differentiated the colour of the volume bars.Isn't this a rather coarse measure compared to others (a distraction) if it's vauable,can you explain how,please?

When I mentor it is even worse. I suggest that a vertical line is drawn each time the market goes from one trend to another by using volume color to draw the lines. They are on volume and then extended up to price to top of chart. definite unmistakable delineations. You can double the profits you make using this.

The P, V relationship is asymmetric. The Boolean espression is difficult to understand, difficult to incorporate in beliefs and almost impossible to find considered in any backtesting whatsoever.

It is not included in macro analysis either.

How can a person get this fundamental consideration down and understood?

I find that a person must know what is going on in the market to, in turn, be able to associate each half of the P,V Boolean statement where it is intended to be applied.

By painting the bars a standard color as the software people do it; everyone can most easily associtae each half of the P, V relationship properly. Both halves alway apply, but only one half is in effect. You must know how the market dynamic is unfolding at all times. It is a binary matter at all times, and you must know what is contemporary and most of all when a switch occurs. It does not show on price. The change of the applicable rule sets in motion what is going to happen in the immediate future.

The asymmetry leads to several phenomena that, when used and practiced, separate very excellent traders into the extreme subsets of traders.

Everything of any sophictication is driven to binary conditions. This means: either this or that; A or B. You can make a list of all the binary applications..

FR's make the best clear example. (Failure to Resume's)

Today look at the end of midday and then the appearance of bar 47 (13:20 bar).

Tall red bars from bar 19 (11:00) on.

After bar 47 fails to resume the "short" trend modus, then, high volume is no longer driving the money making in a downward manner. At that point high volume begins to drive "long" money making. "Black" volume makes money after bar 47..

For anyone, having a quick color reference for the dominant market direction simply seen by volume bar color color over many bars, is very helpful. If a person applied the P, V relation always appropriately he is very far away from whipsaw, from drawdown, and from most mistaken fades, retraces and dips. Taking all of these out of the picture is a real aid.

It is almost as important as always knowing when the market noise is exceeding the market signal. If you look at noise driven times (see midday today) you see the color of tall bars during that time are telling you the market is noise driven, i. e., volume has no relationship to price.

This points out that NN, AI, and RW all do not apply when the P,V relation applies. These are mutually exclusive. NN, AI and RW all look at things to get more out of the market times that are least defined. When the market is best defined all three get very puzzled for some reason and go hyper with signals.

Someone here is asking for testing help (backtesting) on an MA, STOC, and other signal set up. He and appearnetly all the backtesters think the over 80 on STOC is a "sell" signal (it is a buy/hold signal in reality); they also think conversely apparently.

The color of volume bars, if used, would repair that thread vis a vis making money.

You must respect the P, V relationship and especially it's asymmetry. By using volume bar color to assure that you apply P, V absolutely correctly at all times possible and knowing when "noise" is running everything, you stay in an excellent level money making groove. Just glance. Draw a vertical line to note the change immediately and then you have "beliefs lined up with the market's NOW condition.

Summary.

ET does not understand any of this stuff.

Do not worry if you lay this aside for 6 months.

What I speak of is not commonly understood by guys who write books and just make a lot of money.

In markets, there is a relationship of the variables based upon the passage of time. No one hardly ever deals with asymmetric relationships. (do 10 different searches with different engines.)
he market relationship of it's variables is asymmetric.

Couple this with the human fight or flee and beginning traders having repeated failure. A rock and a hard place if there ever was one.

Some people have figured out my modus. I prefer to relate to extremely intelligent people in a cutting edge problem solving basis.

For 15 months some people here have been working towards making a lot of money with small capitalization. By presenting 8 consecutive ways to superimpose doubling money velocity, a person gets to have some people who can get the job done.

I am beginning to get most of those doubling techniques on the table.

You are discerning stuff. The market backs and fills as distribution, then accumulation prevails. It is not supply and demand as you found out by reading a journal here. DOM shows what isn't happening as some know (watch the add/delete phenomena compared to T&S flow)

Now we have come to volume and it's roll in an asymmetric Boolean relationship that define the market in terms of its variables over time. This is ground zero for making money.

by knowing, during the day, what is prevailing, as you now can, you get to not have to make any more mistakes. this fundamental relief, as you enjoy it, allows you to acquire excellence via the acquisition of the absolutely required beliefs to be able, at all times, to decide and act properly.

It comes down to "continuing" if the NOW is maintaining it's momentum. Concurrently, you observe the potential of impediments being seeded and growing into prevalence.

Because volume is a leading indicator of the variable that is used to make money, you are always able to be vigilent in the proper logical context with turns out to be an asymmetric setting. You are never dealing in opposites but rather in orthogonalities.

Continuation is th test for making money. You assure continuation is prevailing. When you see something other coming into the picture, you are, in the near term, going to go through change. What is the change that occurs in making money the way you are making it? Derivatives, of course, give you data.

As I trade, I am always hoping to get the next money making opportunity by finishing one profit taking and setting my self up for the next series. The P,V relationship give you the signals to finish the "continuation", slip through the "change" time and then go into making money again as the next "continuation" modus prevails.

Use bar 47 as bar 3 in the FR writeup this gives you the meahanics of "seeing" what igoing on. after a while you can generalize with the other FR write up for all possibilites. The underlying use of the P, V relationship and how it provides the foundation for making money get more and more clear and is possibly something worth believing.