Disastrous bet ... or shrewd trade?
The trouble is, world stock indexes, including the S&P 500, have declined sharply since the trade was struck. The past two months have been particularly rough. In its third-quarter earnings release, dated Nov. 7, Berkshire said its loss to date on the trade is $1.87 billion. Surely, that's proof enough that Buffett made a disastrous bet. Right?
Wrong! In fact, Buffett had fully anticipated the possibility of such losses. Describing the trade for the first time in his 2007 letter to shareholders, he wrote: "... our derivative positions will sometimes cause large swings in reported earnings, even though Charlie [Munger] and I might believe the intrinsic value of these positions has changed little. He and I will not be bothered by these swings -- even though they could easily amount to $1 billion or more in a quarter."
In truth, the terms of the trade are highly favorable to Berkshire:
At inception: Berkshire, the option seller, received the full $4.85 billion in option premiums up front. The use of this cash is now entirely at Buffett's discretion. Given his track record as an investor, that's a very valuable feature.
Over the life of the option: The puts are so-called "European" options -- the buyers can't exercise them until they expire. Furthermore, it's unlikely that Berkshire would have to post any margin collateral against mark-to-market losses; thus, although such losses would reduce Berkshire's earnings, they have no economic impact on the company whatsoever.
At maturity: These are long-dated puts, with expiration dates falling between 2019 and 2027. This is an immensely favorable situation, in light of the first point and the long-term upward drift in the stock market.