I did some quick analysis to see how a buy and hold portfolio would have performed assuming cash was added on a regular basis.
I assumed that $10K was added to the Nasdaq 100 (NDX) on the worst possible day in the last 21 years (which was March 28, 2000). On this day the NDX peaked and proceeded to fall over 80% until it bottomed on October 7, 2002).
I also assumed that the investor added $1K at the first of every month without fail and never sold anything.
As of yesterday (March 31, 2021) the investment would be worth $1.48M. The total money added over the entire period is $252K. The growth over the period (21 years) is 122.7x assuming the $252K is removed from the equation. This works out to a CAGR of 25.7%.
The analysis for the SPX is similar:
Buy $10K at the peak on March 27, 2000
Add $1K each month
Value as of Mar 31, 2021: $717K
Funds added: $252K
Growth = 46.5x
CAGR = 20.0%
So the performance is very good but very few people would be able to stick to this investment plan through those brutal drawdowns.
This does demonstrate how buy and hold with dollar cost averaging can work very well over an extended investment horizon.