Quote from TheStudent:
One wonders what proportion of bad ticks might be caused by out of sequence reporting?
From what I have seen, there are several possible causes of bad ticks:
1) Bad aggregation, almost all of the aggregated feed providers (Thomson, HyperFeed, Comstock, etc) would, in very high data rate times / product (say eCBOT or high rate equities / options / futures), time slice. So the system would essentially take say 4-5 snapshots of the data every second, for instance. In this scenario, it is possible that very short spikes got filtered out, so the user / end-user system would miss data. The few well publicized cases in equities (when Yahoo! showed a price of 9000), is when the provider (Reuters in Yahoo!) would just have bad data slices.
2) Bad multi-origin data, many products (options, equities, etc) are traded on multiple exchanges, if one of them produces a bad quote. PCX was / is notorious for sometimes providing bad Options data, so the aggregators would have make a decision. Sometime the system gets it right, some it gets wrong.
3) Bad source data, much more rare, for instance the OPRA feed has been known to be off at times, as well as NYSE book does have bad sequences. But there are usually exchange-wide notices for this type of errors.