Quote from mskl:
And did you realize that if the best bid ($1.50) was on another market (ISE) then an invisible PIP can still take place on the BOX. There is no incentive to post your best market at the BOX.
So what happens - the ISE will lose order flow for sure. Currently, the "best" price generally attracts the order flow - with invisible PIP's, LESS order flow will arrive at the ISE. So, in order to get that volume back, expect other Exchanges to come up with similar PIP rules. And in each case, there is less of an incentive to show your best market (if the PIP is invisible to outside participants).
Wider spreads will result.