If you look at the history of gangs, they filled a void as manufacturing jobs left the black urban centers. Black people moved to those centers in droves in the first place, because of the oppression in the Jim Crow South. During this time many politicians did everything in their power to make sure that black people would remain poorly educated and made it hard for them to benefit from things such as the GI Bill. Manufacturing were the best job opportunities many black families had to make a decent living. However, as the manufacturing jobs disappeared the black people remained. Of course once the gangs were established it became hard to break the cycle. If your dad's in a gang you're a hell of a lot more likely to be in a gang yourself. This is true of the white mafias as well. Also, what kind of jobs are available for uneducated low-skilled workers? Really poor paying ones. Our society doesn't value work, what it values is how much can you produce over the alternative. If there's an alternative who will work for less then the employer will hire them instead. This can and does lead people to competing for peanuts. How far does $10/hour get you? Not very far these days. Nobody believes the myth that you can start at the bottom and work hard you can become the CEO someday. That rarely happens. Especially for black people.