http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielf...-trump-obama-doesnt-need-a-birth-certificate/
Romney to Trump: Obama Doesn't Need a Birth Certificate
According to Romney family lawyers it doesnât matter if Barack Obama was born in Hawaii, Kenya, or even Paris: Because his mother was an American (and not even Donald Trump questions that), he is eligible to be President.
The Romney lawyers investigated this question in the 1960s, when Mitt Romneyâs father, Governor George Romney of Michigan, was vying for the Republican presidential nomination. George Romney had been born in a Mormon colony in Chihuahua, Mexico, as his grandfather moved there with his wives in the 1880s after polygamy was outlawed in the U.S.
While some opponents nicknamed him âChihuahua George,â his suitability for the highest office because of his birth was never seriously challenged. The reason his campaign faltered was because of his shift in position on the Vietnam War: He went from being a supporter to opposing it, infamously claiming to have been âbrainwashedâ by military officials. After that Richard Nixonâs lead in the polls more than doubled.
Article II of the U.S. Constitution states that âNo person except a natural born citizen ⦠shall be eligible to the Office of President,â and so the question is: Does natural born citizen mean born a citizen or born in the U.S.? The Founding Fathers were of course aware of both jus soli (birthright citizenship) and jus sanguinis (citizenship through parentage), but deliberately wrote ânatural bornâ rather than something like âborn on U.S. soil,â arguably to include children born to U.S parents outside the country.
The first Congress of the United States (which included many of the Founders) furthered this interpretation, when, in 1790, they passed the Immigration and Naturalization Act, stating that: âThe children of citizens of the United States that may be born beyond the sea, or outside the limits of the United States, shall be considered as natural-born citizens of the United States.â (In 1795 Congress however passed a new act stating that: â⦠the children of citizens of the United States born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, shall be considered as citizens of the United States.â)
Originally the passing of citizenship to children only applied through oneâs father, which is why George Romney (born 1907 in Mexico to an American father) was automatically a U.S. citizen, while Winston Churchill (born 1874 in England to an American mother) wasnât. Only in 1934 did Congress change the law so that citizenship automatically passed through oneâs mother as well.
A few years ago, while writing an article on the subject, I consulted several top constitutional lawyers on whether someone born a U.S. citizen but outside the country could run for the presidency. I got three different answers. James Ho, a Dallas-based constitutional lawyer (who recently served as Solicitor General of Texas), told me that the âbottom line is that there is no 100% right answer of what natural born citizen means,â but said he thought that place of birth is the dominant view.
Mark Tushnet, a Harvard Law School professor, however, took the Romney family line, and said that natural born should be interpreted as having a âfairly strong connection to the territory of the United States,â and therefore children of citizens born abroad âprobably ought to be treated as natural born citizens.â
The third view was taken by Vikram Amar, a law professor at the University of California. He felt that ânatural born means citizen at the moment of birth,â and so it depends what Congress decides it means. (This view he thought was the âmajority opinion among jurists.â) According to this approach Congress could tomorrow make every single illegal immigrant a natural born citizen (donât tell Lou Dobbs), and of course it could restrict who is natural born too. This view, like the previous one, supports the Romney family line.
Itâs only an extreme portion of the population that doesnât believe Obama was born in the U.S., and this question isnât really relevant to him. It does show, however, how far removed from reality the so called âbirthersâ (the name given to people who question Obamaâs birth), and supporters like Donald Trump, are. On their website they claim (in bold letters): âWe seek strict adherence to the Constitution of the United States of America, regardless to the momentary passions of the body politic.â A closer look at the constitution may reveal that theyâre the ones with the momentary passions.
Daniel Freedman is the director of strategy and policy analysis at The Soufan Group, a strategic intelligence consultancy. His writings can be found at www.dfreedman.org. He writes a fortnightly column for Forbes.com.
Romney to Trump: Obama Doesn't Need a Birth Certificate
According to Romney family lawyers it doesnât matter if Barack Obama was born in Hawaii, Kenya, or even Paris: Because his mother was an American (and not even Donald Trump questions that), he is eligible to be President.
The Romney lawyers investigated this question in the 1960s, when Mitt Romneyâs father, Governor George Romney of Michigan, was vying for the Republican presidential nomination. George Romney had been born in a Mormon colony in Chihuahua, Mexico, as his grandfather moved there with his wives in the 1880s after polygamy was outlawed in the U.S.
While some opponents nicknamed him âChihuahua George,â his suitability for the highest office because of his birth was never seriously challenged. The reason his campaign faltered was because of his shift in position on the Vietnam War: He went from being a supporter to opposing it, infamously claiming to have been âbrainwashedâ by military officials. After that Richard Nixonâs lead in the polls more than doubled.
Article II of the U.S. Constitution states that âNo person except a natural born citizen ⦠shall be eligible to the Office of President,â and so the question is: Does natural born citizen mean born a citizen or born in the U.S.? The Founding Fathers were of course aware of both jus soli (birthright citizenship) and jus sanguinis (citizenship through parentage), but deliberately wrote ânatural bornâ rather than something like âborn on U.S. soil,â arguably to include children born to U.S parents outside the country.
The first Congress of the United States (which included many of the Founders) furthered this interpretation, when, in 1790, they passed the Immigration and Naturalization Act, stating that: âThe children of citizens of the United States that may be born beyond the sea, or outside the limits of the United States, shall be considered as natural-born citizens of the United States.â (In 1795 Congress however passed a new act stating that: â⦠the children of citizens of the United States born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, shall be considered as citizens of the United States.â)
Originally the passing of citizenship to children only applied through oneâs father, which is why George Romney (born 1907 in Mexico to an American father) was automatically a U.S. citizen, while Winston Churchill (born 1874 in England to an American mother) wasnât. Only in 1934 did Congress change the law so that citizenship automatically passed through oneâs mother as well.
A few years ago, while writing an article on the subject, I consulted several top constitutional lawyers on whether someone born a U.S. citizen but outside the country could run for the presidency. I got three different answers. James Ho, a Dallas-based constitutional lawyer (who recently served as Solicitor General of Texas), told me that the âbottom line is that there is no 100% right answer of what natural born citizen means,â but said he thought that place of birth is the dominant view.
Mark Tushnet, a Harvard Law School professor, however, took the Romney family line, and said that natural born should be interpreted as having a âfairly strong connection to the territory of the United States,â and therefore children of citizens born abroad âprobably ought to be treated as natural born citizens.â
The third view was taken by Vikram Amar, a law professor at the University of California. He felt that ânatural born means citizen at the moment of birth,â and so it depends what Congress decides it means. (This view he thought was the âmajority opinion among jurists.â) According to this approach Congress could tomorrow make every single illegal immigrant a natural born citizen (donât tell Lou Dobbs), and of course it could restrict who is natural born too. This view, like the previous one, supports the Romney family line.
Itâs only an extreme portion of the population that doesnât believe Obama was born in the U.S., and this question isnât really relevant to him. It does show, however, how far removed from reality the so called âbirthersâ (the name given to people who question Obamaâs birth), and supporters like Donald Trump, are. On their website they claim (in bold letters): âWe seek strict adherence to the Constitution of the United States of America, regardless to the momentary passions of the body politic.â A closer look at the constitution may reveal that theyâre the ones with the momentary passions.
Daniel Freedman is the director of strategy and policy analysis at The Soufan Group, a strategic intelligence consultancy. His writings can be found at www.dfreedman.org. He writes a fortnightly column for Forbes.com.
