As I know the beta is the measure of volatility. A beta of 1 means that if the market goes up by 1, then the stock also goes up by one. A beta of (-1) means that if market goes down by 1, the stock goes up by 1.
So balancing the beta of the portfolio with low, medium, high and negative beta in theory can give a portfolio that make good on almost every time.
Higher beta are the small-caps
Lower beta the blue chips
Negative beta I think are inverse ETFs, and maybe others