Steve Bannon and the Making of an Economic Nationalist
The controversial White House counselor says his father’s 2008 financial trauma helped crystallize his antiglobalist views and led to a political hardening; ‘I’m going to be totally wiped out’
By
MICHAEL C. BENDER
March 14, 2017 2:28 p.m. ET
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RICHMOND, Va.—On Oct. 7, 2008, in the cramped TV room of his modest home here, Marty Bannon watched with alarm as plunging stock markets dragged down his shares of
AT&T, the nest egg he built during a 50-year career at the company.
His five children, including current White House counselor and chief strategist Steve Bannon, had often joked growing up that their devout father, a product of the Great Depression, would sooner leave the Catholic Church than sell those shares. The stock symbolized his deep trust in the company and had doubled as life insurance for his children.
As he toggled between TV stations, financial analysts warned of economic collapse and politicians in Washington seemed to mirror his own confusion. So he did the unthinkable. He sold.
Marty Bannon, now 95 years old, still regrets the decision and seethes over Washington’s response to the economic crisis. His son Steve says the moment crystallized his own antiestablishment outlook and helped trigger a decadelong political hardening that has landed him inside the West Wing, just steps away from President Donald Trump.
“The only net worth my father had beside his tiny little house was that AT&T stock. And nobody is held accountable?” Steve Bannon, 63, said in a recent interview. “All these firms get bailed out. There’s no equity taken from anybody. There’s no one in jail. These companies are all overleveraged, and everyone looked the other way.”
No White House official has more influence on a wider portfolio of issues than Steve Bannon, who has become a litmus test for how people view the Trump administration. For supporters, he is helping to deliver on Mr. Trump’s fiery populist promises, with their emphasis on punishing illegal immigrants and U.S. companies aiming to move jobs out of the country. The
left has painted him as isolationist, sexist and anti-immigrant.
There were many factors that turned Steve Bannon into a divisive political firebrand. But his decision to embrace “economic nationalism” and vehemently oppose the forces and institutions of globalization, he says, stems from his upbringing, his relationship with his father and the meaning those AT&T shares held for the family.
“Everything since then has come from there,” he says. “All of it.”
Since teaming up with Mr. Trump in August, Mr. Bannon has played a lead role in honing the Republican message sharply criticizing open borders,
the mainstream news media, Wall Street and Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton. He has
helped write Mr. Trump’s major speeches, played a key role in shaping the president’s order to halt immigration from a handful of Muslim-majority countries and helped shape the cabinet.
He has long admired nationalist movements around the globe and has expressed antipathy toward the European Union. “Strong nations make great neighbors,”
he told The Wall Street Journal in November.
Steve Bannon idealizes the bygone corporate era that gave his father the kind of stability that he himself never pursued. Marty Bannon, who voted for Mr. Trump, sought a life of security, while the thrice-divorced Steve Bannon craves chaos and drama. He has served in the Navy, dabbled in penny stocks and was briefly in charge of Biosphere 2, a domed terrarium in Arizona.
After he found success in investment banking, he would fly his father for short vacations to New Orleans and California. In recent years, he has traveled monthly from Washington to Richmond for visits, and he talks to his father daily.
“He’s the backbone of the country, the everyman who plays by the rules, the hardworking dad that delays his own gratification for the family,” Steve Bannon says. “The world is probably 95% Marty Bannons, and 5% Steve Bannons. And that’s probably the right metric for a stable society.”
After working at
Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Steve Bannon became an Oscar-nominated producer in Hollywood and a libertarian-leaning conservative in a liberal bastion.
His film work grew more partisan after the 2008 financial crisis—and after his father’s fateful decision. He began creating documentaries, including a positive chronicle in 2010 of Sarah Palin’s time as Alaska governor and as the party’s 2008 vice presidential nominee. That work led to his introduction to Andrew Breitbart, a conservative provocateur who had launched his own news website.
Steve Bannon viewed Breitbart.com as a financial opportunity as much as a political move, his former colleagues say. The website he helped redesign in 2012 became a must-read for conservative political junkies and the alt-right, a loose agglomeration of groups with far-right ideologies.
Under his leadership, the site ran increasingly controversial headlines such as “The Solution to Online ‘Harassment’ Is Simple: Women Should Log Off,” “There’s No Hiring Bias Against Women In Tech, They Just Suck At Interviews,” and “Hoist It High and Proud: The Confederate Flag Proclaims a Glorious Heritage.”
Mr. Bannon wanted the site to be “the first and the loudest” when it came illegal immigration and the U.S. trade deficit, says Alex Marlow, Breitbart editor in chief. “He saw a media land-grab going on, and he wanted to lay claim to as much territory as possible.”
The website’s coverage was loathed by the targets of its stories and their allies. “A stone cold racist, and a white supremacist sympathizer,” New York Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, a member of the House Democratic leadership team, said recently about Mr. Bannon, who denies both charges.
Steve Bannon says his ideology is less about Republicans and Democrats than about middle class versus elites—nationalists versus globalists. He says that explains his opposition to open borders, political corruption and what he views as political correctness.
On a trip home to Richmond after the election, Steve Bannon juggled four cellphones as his older brother, Mike, tried to get him to take a break for lunch.
“Three of them were ‘Hey dude’ phones, and the other was a ‘Yes, sir’ phone,” recalled Mike. “I know who was calling on the ‘Yes, sir’ phone.”
Steve’s often-disheveled appearance has been a constant sore spot with his father, dating back to his student days at Virginia Tech. “He had long hair like the hippies,” Marty Bannon recently recalled in his Southern drawl. “I thought he was a girl for two years.”
Still, Marty Bannon compares his son to his own father, who dropped out of school after third grade. “My dad was very smart—street smart,” he says. “He could pick up things by reading. Politics, he was very into it.”
Marty Bannon grew up in Norfolk, Va., a military town, where he was schooled by nuns. He weighed vegetables and delivered groceries for extra money at a time when “Catholics were still coming over on the pickle boats,” he says.
He saw steady work as a virtue. By age 9, he was caddying at a nearby golf course and dreaming of playing baseball for the New York Yankees.
He expected to become a priest as an adult, he says, but met his future wife and soon started his family. He declined an offer to play for the Washington Senators and eventually landed a job as a splicer’s helper at AT&T, the same phone company his father worked for 48 years. Marty Bannon would work there for 50 years.
Marty Bannon says he started “on the poles, or in the sewers,” eventually climbing into middle management. Shortly after Steve was born, he moved the family to suburban Washington before settling in Richmond in 1955, when his middle son was 2 years old.
“I had great faith in AT&T,” Marty Bannon says. “At their peak they were the best company for service. That was inbred. Fire, flood, storm or whatever, they called you and you went. Whatever time of night. And you stayed out there until the job was finished.”
In Richmond, he bought a three-bedroom, two-bathroom, Colonial-style home with white siding, black shutters and a covered front porch, where he has lived the past 58 years. It is the only house he has ever owned.
The 2016 presidential election in that neighborhood was known as the “battle for Ginter Park” because it includes Mr. Bannon’s boyhood home and, just one mile away, the residence of Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine, Mrs. Clinton’s running mate. The Clinton-Kaine ticket won the precinct by a landslide.
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