The Big Bang theory in a nutshell, huh?
Well Dave, it's doubtful the ones who preach it have a better understanding than I do.
At its simplest, they will proclaim the universe started as a super tight little ball much smaller than Obama's testicle.
They'll say, in the first moments our universe grew from something the size of Obama's testicle to something bigger than QE3 in less than a fraction of a second.
The theory is fluid, and so for every challenge it comes up against, its proponents will simply add, remove, change, or create new components to overcome hurdles.
So, why do they so fiercely believe in their theory?
You can't really blame them for thinking the way they do;
The universe appears to be expanding, that is the galaxies are all moving generally away from each other.
Since it appears the expansion is not slowing down, it is hypothesized that the galaxies have always been receding, and therefor in the past they all must have been much closer together.
Keep following that very simple logic, and it becomes obvious that everything would have had to start from a centralized point(referred to as a singularity).
Now, it should be noted that there are many other obvious possibilities, but those who push the theory have no interest in anything other than to keep changing the current theory's components so that it continues to enjoy main stream acceptance.
They overcome the challenges like time shrinkage by just saying the expansion started out very fast, then slowed down, then sped up again, etc...
They have made it all but impossible to dis-prove, by adding such elements as
dark matter(all the stuff we can't see or detect), and
dark energy(an undetectable repulsive substance causing our galaxies to fly away from each other?), so I would look for it to remain the dominant scientifically accepted theory for a while.
It is, however, incorrect, and there is a much simpler solution.