Most professionals fail at those too.You appear to be assuming "beating the S&P" is the goal of most professional investors. Anyone who runs a bond fund is at least long term fails to beat the S&P. Does that reflect poorly in their skill as a professional investor optimizing the investment class in which their investors sought to invest? There are lots of LPs looking for correlations and limited max drawdowns and a variety of other targets that lead them to index off something other than the S&P, so comparing them to an arbitrary benchmark they are making no effort to beat is silly at best.