What do you mean by "all orders go to a middle man"? To a different company than TD Ameritrade?
The question is off topic but here it goes: At TD they do not send your order to an exchange, which means you do not get any liquidity unless it is "lit". There is usually liquidity between the bid/ask. It'll either be shares less than 100 share lots or orders marked as hidden. Your order goes to an "execution house" like Citadel. They grab the dark liquidity and execute your order only where the lit liquidity is. They keep the difference. This difference is considerable (and measurable statistically just in case you have any doubts).
. Docs at