Here is a letter to the Editor in the Raleigh News & Observer today from a Professor of Law at Duke from Haiti which has some interesting historical context regarding Haiti.
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Haiti’s downturns
I am an immigrant from Haiti also known, in some parts, as a s---hole country. Clearly, Haiti has had problems and continues to have problems. Does this qualify us as a s---hole country? I am not sure what the qualifications are but if Haiti does meet the qualifications, let’s look at the top 10 reasons it got there:
1. After the only successful slave revolution, the European powers of the time decided that this could never happen again and the U.S. imposed a blockade on Haiti, not an embargo like Cuba but a complete blockade.
2. The Haitian economy quickly collapsed, especially when the major cash crop was sugar and the newly freed slaves could not sell to anybody.
3. France insisted on Haiti paying reparations for the properties it lost due to the slave revolution, and it took about 150 years for Haiti to repay the “debt.”
4. The U.S. has been intervening, interfering, meddling in Haitian affairs since the dawn of the Monroe Doctrine. Some say the U.S. had evil intentions, but I think it was worse; the U.S. was protecting its interests and if a few Haitians (say a few hundreds of thousands) got hurt in the process, that was just the price for good strong U.S. foreign policy.
5. The U.S. invaded Haiti in 1915 to restore order. The Marines’ first stop? The Haitian National Bank where they confiscated Haiti’s gold.
6. The U.S. protected the Duvalier regimes as much as they could even though the regimes were systematically dismantling whatever fragile institutions Haiti managed to have.
7. How bad were the Duvaliers? Before they took over in 1957, Haiti was on its way to become the industrial powerhouse of the Caribbean. After the Duvaliers – not so much.
8. Bill Clinton destroyed the Haitian rice farmer through his plan to move Haiti to the industrial age by relieving them of the burden of feeding themselves. Basically, the U.S. flooded Haiti with cheaper (for a time) U.S. rice; the Haitian farmer could not compete and went out of business (increasing exodus out of Haiti). He later apologized. At least he did not call us s---hole, but his policy did lasting damage to Haiti. I guess it’s just of matter of picking your poison.
9. Immigration from Haiti has created an immigration bubble where the best and the brightest of Haiti continuously leave for greener pastures. There are more Haitian doctors in Canada or the U.S. than in Haiti. Ouch.
10. The genocide of countless generations of young Africans through the French slaveholders. Upon setting foot on Haiti’s shore, a young African male of 17 would not live to see his 21st birthday.
Yes, Mr. President, Haiti may be, in your opinion, a s---hole country, but it did not get there by lack of character, it received plenty of help.
Reginald Mombrun, BS, JD, LL.M
Professor of Law, NCCU School of Law
http://www.newsobserver.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article194526394.html