I have to chime in on this "black swan" idea. The problem is one of deduction, the statement, " no amount of white swans is proof that a black swan does not exist". Lets say that historically the greatest standard deviation dow move is x standard deviations, we have not seen the dow move any more than x standard deviations therefore puts or calls should be priced at x. The chances of Oct, 1987 happening at the time were astronomical. I don't know if this applies to the dow now as there are circuit breakers so the dow could fall only 8.9% as of today's close. I think there is a difference between an outlier and a "black swan" event. For example, global market correlation is an area where one can get burned like the correction last May where everything tanked. Maybe " black swan" as it pertains to trading can be better defined in distinction to an outlier or fat tailed event.